A chromatin boundary factor that is only active during early embryo development has been discovered in Drosophila.

Individual granule cells within the cerebellum-the region of the brain that coordinates movement and supports the learning of new motor skills-receive both sensory and motor input streams: an arrangement that may help the brain to use feedback to fine-tune movement.

The Notch signaling pathway has a central role in the development of the nervous system, and also in the establishment of networks of connections in the adult brain

A protein complex that enables cells to transport substances across their membranes, and that typically consists of four subunits, can also function as two hemicomplexes, each with two subunits.

The Notch signaling pathway has a central role in the formation of the circuit that controls egg-laying in the nematode worm C. elegans.

Exposing rats to acute stress increased the generation of new neurons in a subregion of the hippocampus, and improved the animals' performance in a memory task two weeks later.

In contrast to current models, inputs from midbrain limbic structures, but not from the hippocampus, are necessary for mammillary body contributions to memory.

Nutrient limitation elicits differential responses in cells lacking the tumor suppressor PTEN and in normal cells, resulting in hyperplastic overgrowth of PTEN mutant tissue independent of additional mutations.

A statistical model is able to predict patterns of gene expression output in Drosophila embryos using only the cellular concentrations of transcription factors as input.

Long and short variants of a protein called UNC-13, assisted by another called Tomosyn, regulate the timing of synaptic vesicle release in C. elegans.