Multiple respiratory and vascular mechanisms have recurrently evolved across the vertebrates to alleviate the oxygen diffusion limitations inherent to the morphology of the retina.

Many vertebrates are able to synthesize a sunscreen compound de novo and the pathway involved can be used for heterologous production of the compound in yeast.

PRDM9 is widely conserved across vertebrates yet has been lost numerous times, as has its role in directing meiotic recombination.

Shared complexities of backbone segmentation between cartilaginous fishes and tetrapods originate much earlier in vertebrate evolution than previously thought.

The endosymbiosis between an alga and the spotted salamander shows several parallels to invertebrate-algal symbioses as well as to pathogen associations in vertebrate animals.

Vertebrate early ectoderm displays planar polarity manifested by a fluorescent sensor and this polarity can be instructed by Wnt ligands.

Oocyte maturation and ovulation in the sister group of vertebrates, Ciona intestinalis Type A, are triggered by Ci-VP, the Ciona homolog of a typical neruopeptide, vasopressin.

Several key functional features of jawed vertebrate rods are also present in lamprey photoreceptors, indicating that our Cambrian ancestors possessed dim light vision.

Asymmetric tension increase along the cell equator promotes self-organization of actomyosin into a partially aligned network during cytokinetic cleavage furrow ingression of vertebrate cells.

Wnt signaling regulates its effective signaling range by controlling Wnt ligand transport on signaling filopodia within vertebrate tissues.