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    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Viral Latency: Down but not out

    Erin T Larragoite, Adam M Spivak
    A new study in monkeys suggests that treating HIV infection early with antiretroviral therapy reduces the number of latent viruses, but has little impact on viral reactivation when treatment stops.
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    1. Neuroscience

    Somatostatin-expressing parafacial neurons are CO2/H+ sensitive and regulate baseline breathing

    Colin M Cleary, Brenda M Milla ... Daniel K Mulkey
    Cellular and chemogenetic approaches identify a novel mode of chemotransduction involving regulation of basal breathing by CO2/H+-dependent disinhibition.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Research: A comprehensive and quantitative exploration of thousands of viral genomes

    Gita Mahmoudabadi, Rob Phillips
    A compendium of critical genomic numbers for viruses through the lenses of different viral classification systems.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Eco-evolutionary dynamics of adapting pathogens and host immunity

    Pierre Barrat-Charlaix, Richard A Neher
    Diverse histories of viral exposure, for example in individuals of different age, makes viral evolution less predictable with features of adaptive and neutral evolution.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Membrane curvature sensing and symmetry breaking of the M2 proton channel from Influenza A

    James Lincoff, Cole VM Helsell ... Michael Grabe
    Using a combination of all-atom molecular simulation and continuum membrane mechanics, M2 channels from influenza are shown to be stabilized in negative Gaussian curvature regions, such as the neck of budding viral particles, only in C2-symmetric conformations.
    1. Neuroscience

    Respiratory alkalosis provokes spike-wave discharges in seizure-prone rats

    Kathryn A Salvati, George MPR Souza ... Mark P Beenhakker
    Respiratory alkalosis recruits the midline thalamus to provoke absence seizures.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Nanoscale organization of rotavirus replication machineries

    Yasel Garcés Suárez, Jose L Martínez ... Carlos F Arias
    Super-resolution microscopy reveals, at nanometric-scale, the highly organized protein structure of viroplasms, the viral factories used by rotavirus to replicate its genome and assemble new viral particles.
    1. Neuroscience

    Chronic intermittent hypoxia reveals role of the Postinspiratory Complex in the mediation of normal swallow production

    Alyssa D Huff, Marlusa Karlen-Amarante ... Jan-Marino Ramirez
    Glutamatergic–cholinergic neurons in the postinspiratory complex are critical for swallow motor patterning and the coordination of swallow and breathing, which is disrupted by chronic intermittent hypoxia, a condition seen in many disorders associated with dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Evidence for DNA-mediated nuclear compartmentalization distinct from phase separation

    David Trombley McSwiggen, Anders S Hansen ... Xavier Darzacq
    Transient DNA interactions by DNA-binding proteins are utilized by herpes simple virus as an alternative route to generate membraneless compartments in the nucleus without invoking phase separation.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Estimating the potential to prevent locally acquired HIV infections in a UNAIDS Fast-Track City, Amsterdam

    Alexandra Blenkinsop, Mélodie Monod ... Oliver Ratmann
    Phylogenetic evidence suggests that the majority of HIV infections occurring in the UNAIDS Fast-track city Amsterdam continue to have an Amsterdam resident as source, indicating that the majority of HIV infections in Amsterdam could be prevented through city-level interventions.