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A mathematical model that combines stochasticity and spatial structure describes the dynamics of the viral population during an infection cycle, and fitting the model to RNA and virus abundances over time shows that poliovirus follows a geometric replication mode.

In rotaviruses, the selective packaging of eleven distinct genomic RNA segments requires virus-encoded protein NSP2 to alter the RNA structures, facilitating their interactions with each other.

New HIV-1 protease inhibitor designs result in more potent inhibitors with high genetic barriers to resistance and the ability to lead virus evolution down less fit pathways when resistance occurs.

Mutants of influenza A virus with increased CpG dinucleotide frequencies show restricted replication and reduced or absent pathogenicity, and powerful host innate and adaptive responses to infection that confer immunity to re-infection.

The HCMV virion envelope is derived from the host exosome membrane, and exosome machinery and export pathways facilitate virion egress.

Pyridine-based allosteric inhibitors selectively target HIV-1 integrase tetramers and exhibit enhanced antiviral activity against a dolutegravir resistant mutant virus indicating potential clinical benefits for combining these two classes of inhibitors.

In triple-layered rotavirus particles, strong interaction between the external and middle layers provides high mechanical strength for protection tasks, while weaker interaction between the middle and inner layers favors transcription.

Through interactions with viral RNA and NS5, Zika virus changes the composition of the IGF2BP2-containing ribonucleoprotein complex for the benefit of the viral RNA amplification step of its life cycle.

A new experimental system of horizontal gene transfer demonstrates that host retrotransposons facilitate the transfer of host genes into poxviruses.

Methods for screening hundreds of DNA sequences for enhancer activity have been extended for use in vivo, uncovering novel enhancer elements active in the early postnatal brain.