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Epigenetic restriction of herpes simplex virus occurs in a biphasic manner, in which ATRX maintains viral heterochromatin after an initial phase of chromatin deposition.

To protect the germ line genome, chickens acquire new small RNA-based immune defense in response to recently endogenized retroviruses by turning a truncated provirus into a weapon.

A novel virus-inclusive single cell RNA-Seq approach enables identification of novel pro- and antiviral host factors in human cells in response to dengue and Zika virus infection.

TRIM28 was found to be a versatile dual-function latency contributor by bridging both suppressive epigenetic modifications and RNAP II transcriptional-pausing, and can be a novel target to develop latency-reversing agents.

Inactivation of KAP1 by mTOR-mediated phosphorylation releases human cytomegalovirus from latency, and has the potential to be used as a therapy to purge the virus from transplant organs.

A viral RNA has been identified as a specific MDA5 agonist in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus.

The innate immune DNA sensor IFI16 is in association with H3K9 methyltransferases SUV39H1 and GLP under physiological conditions in the nucleus which facilitates the epigenetic silencing of foreign viral DNA.

Human proteins that add or remove the methyladenosine modification of cellular RNA, or recognize methylated RNA significantly affect HIV-1 infection or viral protein synthesis in cells, suggesting an important role for HIV-1 RNA methylation in regulating viral replication.

Cell cycle network evolution in a fungal ancestor was punctuated by the arrival of a viral DNA-binding protein that was permanently incorporated into the regulatory network controlling cell cycle entry.

Complement opsonized HIV exposure gives rise to a colorectal mucosal environment with an initial suppressed antiviral response and increased infection of immune cells and altered activation of T cells.