The neural population of the Aplysia's pedal ganglion are a low-dimensional spiral attractor, and the parameters of the attractor directly define the properties of the Aplysia's escape locomotion behaviour.

For the first time, action potentials and subthreshold postsynaptic potentials of almost all individual identifiable neurons within a functional unit of the leech nervous system were simultaneously imaged during sensory processing and behavioral generation.

FAST^M is a novel technique that leverages phase-sensitive signal detection for time-resolved multiplexing of probes with millisecond time resolution, opening new opportunities for interrogating rapid cellular signaling and (bio)chemical reactions.

Voltage-dye imaging followed by serial blockface electron microscopy of the same ganglion reveals structure–function relationships of leech motor behaviors.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, paired with fluorescent, voltage-sensitive dyes, provides a method for measuring and quantifying membrane potentials of living cells.

Highly temperature-sensitive behavior of voltage-gated potassium channels provides a mechanistic model for how heat-activated TRP channels serve as temperature and pain sensors.

ArcLight, a popular optogenetic reporter of voltage, is studied at both single-molecule and macroscopic levels, which leads to new mechanistic understanding and to the rational design of a faster reporter.

Force applied to the cell membrane reversibly changes a voltage-insensitive gating step of a prokaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel.

The molecular pattern underlying the interactions of opioids with their receptor determines whether membrane depolarization increases or decreases their response or even convert antagonists to agonists.

Optogenetic tools enable sophisticated measurements of a voltage-gated sodium channel implicated in pain, as well as high-throughput screening of candidate channel blockers.