By differentially modulating the two major excitatory inputs to the striatum, mu- and delta-opioid receptors regulate the balance between thalamic and cortical inputs to the striatum.
Ancient proteomes from tiny shell ornaments were successfully characterised for the first time, showing the unexpected use of mother-of-pearl from local riverine molluscs in both coastal and inland prehistoric sites.
Despite size heterogeneity, an epitope-resurfaced mature-form dengue VLP has the potential to induce quaternary structure-recognizing broad cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies.
The first genomic view of beetle luciferase evolution indicates evolutionary independence of luciferase between fireflies and click-beetles, and provide valuable datasets which will accelerate the discovery of new biotechnological tools.
A pain-relaying ion channel on a hypersensitive population of sensory neurons can instead elicit sensations of itch in both fish and mice when directly activated, providing a novel model of itch transduction.
New experiments and theory reveal how the ability to see image details depends upon photoreceptor function and eye movements, and how fruit flies (Drosophila) see spatial details beyond the optical limit of their compound eyes.
The three main types of inhibitory neurons in mouse primary visual cortex respond differently to locomotion in darkness and during visual stimulation, revealing context-dependent responses to changes in behavioral state.
Optogenetic control of Cdc42 activation during polarization of budding yeast demonstrates a cell cycle regulated switch between two distinct modes of positive feedback.
