A learning-induced, motor-related, projection-specific signal from S1 to S2 accompanies reward-based-learning of a goal-directed sensorimotor transformation of whisker sensation into licking motor output.

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells receive brain-wide, circuit-specific intracortical, coritcocortical and thalamocortical synaptic inputs.

A new microscopy system allows the activity of interconnected neurons in different brain regions to be measured simultaneously.

A rapid whisker-based decision underlies skilled locomotion in mice largely independent of cerebral cortex.

Secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus monitor behavioral state, rather than movement, and may exist to alter cortical activity accordingly.

Physiological and behavioral analyses show that expression of cerebellar whisker learning can be mediated by increased simple spike activity, depending on LTP induction at parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapses.

Spontaneous bilateral fluctuations add with evoked cortical activity and explain much of the variability in sensory responses.

Primary motor cortex afferents supra-linearly amplify the responses and sharpen angular tuning of neurons in the S1 barrel cortex.

Secondary thalamic nuclei may provide stronger, longer-lasting input to superficial layers of primary sensory cortex than other cortical areas can.

Cerebellar Purkinje cells represent movements via bidirectional linear changes in spike rate, and activity from single cells is sufficient to reconstruct kinematic changes during bouts of free whisking.