1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

Differential interaction forces govern bacterial sorting in early biofilms

  1. Enno R Oldewurtel
  2. Nadzeya Kouzel
  3. Lena Dewenter
  4. Katja Henseler
  5. Berenike Maier  Is a corresponding author
  1. University of Cologne, Germany
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10811
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  1. Enno R Oldewurtel
  2. Nadzeya Kouzel
  3. Lena Dewenter
  4. Katja Henseler
  5. Berenike Maier
(2015)
Differential interaction forces govern bacterial sorting in early biofilms
eLife 4:e10811.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10811
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Abstract

Bacterial biofilms can generate micro-heterogeneity in terms of surface structures. However, little is known about the associated changes in the physics of cell-cell interaction and its impact on the architecture of biofilms. Here, we used the type IV pilus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to test whether variation of surface structures induces cell-sorting. We show that the rupture forces between pili are fine-tuned by post-translational modification. Bacterial sorting was dependent on pilus post-translational modification and pilus density. Active force generation was necessary for defined morphologies of mixed microcolonies. The observed morphotypes were in remarkable agreement with the differential strength of adhesion hypothesis proposing that a tug-of-war among surface structures of different cells governs cell sorting. We conclude that in early biofilms the density and rupture force of bacterial surface structures can trigger cell sorting based on similar physical principles as in developing embryos.

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Author details

  1. Enno R Oldewurtel

    Department of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  2. Nadzeya Kouzel

    Department of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  3. Lena Dewenter

    Department of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  4. Katja Henseler

    Department of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  5. Berenike Maier

    Department of Physics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
    For correspondence
    berenike.maier@uni-koeln.de
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

Reviewing Editor

  1. Roberto Kolter, Harvard Medical School, United States

Version history

  1. Received: August 12, 2015
  2. Accepted: September 23, 2015
  3. Accepted Manuscript published: September 24, 2015 (version 1)
  4. Version of Record published: October 29, 2015 (version 2)

Copyright

© 2015, Oldewurtel et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

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  1. Enno R Oldewurtel
  2. Nadzeya Kouzel
  3. Lena Dewenter
  4. Katja Henseler
  5. Berenike Maier
(2015)
Differential interaction forces govern bacterial sorting in early biofilms
eLife 4:e10811.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10811

Share this article

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10811

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    Transcriptomic analyses demonstrated differing time courses of immune responses, with prolonged myeloid cell activity in HD at 1 wk after the first vaccination dose. HD also demonstrated decreased metabolic activity and decreased antigen presentation compared to controls after the second vaccination dose. Anti-spike IgG titers and neutralizing function were substantially elevated in both controls and HD at V2D7, with a small but significant reduction in titers in HD groups (p<0.05). Anti-spike IgG remained elevated above baseline at 6 mo in both subject groups. Anti-spike IgG titers at V2D7 were highly predictive of 6-month titer levels. Transcriptomic biomarkers after the second vaccination dose and clinical biomarkers including ferritin levels were found to be predictive of antibody development.

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    F30HD102093, F30HL151182, T32HL144909, R01HL138628. This research has been funded by the University of Illinois at Chicago Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) award UL1TR002003.