SARS-CoV-2 S protein:ACE2 interaction reveals novel allosteric targets
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR, Singapore
- National Technological University, Singapore
Abstract
The Spike (S) protein is the main handle for SARS-CoV-2 to enter host cells via surface ACE2 receptors. How ACE2 binding activates proteolysis of S protein is unknown. Here, using amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations, we have mapped the S:ACE2 interaction interface and uncovered long-range allosteric propagation of ACE2 binding to sites necessary for host-mediated proteolysis of S protein, critical for viral host entry. Unexpectedly, ACE2 binding enhances dynamics at a distal S1/S2 cleavage site and flanking protease docking site ~27 Å away while dampening dynamics of the stalk hinge (central helix and heptad repeat) regions ~130 Å away. This highlights that the stalk and proteolysis sites of the S protein are dynamic hotspots in the pre-fusion state. Our findings provide a dynamics map of the S:ACE2 interface in solution and also offer mechanistic insights into how ACE2 binding is allosterically coupled to distal proteolytic processing sites and viral-host membrane fusion. Our findings highlight protease docking sites flanking the S1/S2 cleavage site, fusion peptide and heptad repeat 1 (HR1) as alternate allosteric hotspot targets for potential therapeutic development.
Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the manuscript and supporting files. Source data files have been provided for Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5.
Article and author information
Author details
Palur V Raghuvamsi
Ganesh Srinivasan Anand
Funding
Ministry of Education - Singapore (Research Fellowship)
- Ganesh Srinivasan Anand
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Donald Hamelberg, Georgia State University, United States
Version history
- Received: October 1, 2020
- Accepted: February 5, 2021
- Accepted Manuscript published: February 8, 2021 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: March 4, 2021 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2021, Raghuvamsi et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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SARS-CoV-2 S protein:ACE2 interaction reveals novel allosteric targets
eLife 10:e63646.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63646
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