The cerebellum and ventral tegmental area interact during unexpected omissions of aversive outcomes in humans, supporting a role for reward-like prediction error signaling in fear extinction learning.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA has been identified as a novel component of stress granule cores, indicating its essential involvement in eukaryotic stress response pathways at the level of protein synthesis.
The unusually high genetic diversity of MHC genes cannot be explained by heterozygote advantage alone because heterozygote advantage is not expected without some other driver of diversity.
