Mark McMullan, Anastasia Gardiner ... Jonathan DG Jones
Hybridization and introgression blur species boundaries and broaden genetic diversity available for adaptation; and widespread introgression underpins the evolution of races of the generalist pathogen Albugo candida that specialise on different host plant species.
Arpiar Saunders, Adam J Granger, Bernardo L Sabatini
Neurons of the cholinergic system, which release the excitatory neurotransmitter acetycholine throughout the cortex, also release the inhibitory transmitter GABA, with potential implications for cognitive function.
Carmela Sidrauski, Anna M McGeachy ... Peter Walter
Building on previous work which showed that the small molecule ISRIB potently blocks the integrated stress response (Sidrauski et al., 2013), we report on ISRIB's remarkable specificity and fast action in vivo, underscoring its proposed direct effect on translation.
The collinear activation of a subset of posterior Hox genes is responsible for establishing a Wnt/T activity gradient that is required to generate the complete body axis, and hence the full set of segments within a vertebrate embryo.
Brandon D Bunker, Tittu T Nellimoottil ... David Bilder
Loss of polarity in epithelial cells leads to mitogenic cytokine upregulation, via coincident activation by JNK and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC), and Polycomb derepression.
A membrane protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum is a key factor for the biogenesis of multi-pass transmembrane proteins, including Rh1, and its loss causes retinal degeneration.
Jeremiah Y Cohen, Mackenzie W Amoroso, Naoshige Uchida
Serotonin-releasing neurons show tonic firing-rate changes correlating with global reward value in addition to phasic firing-rate changes correlating with local task events.
Wiebke Nahrendorf, Philip J Spence ... Jean Langhorne
A novel mouse model of immunization against Plasmodium chabaudi involving infectious mosquito bites and drug-treatment elicits protection against blood-stage malaria parasites, and shows that protection is not necessarily life cycle stage-specific.
RNA sequencing of individuals within a wild baboon population reveals extensive power to detect functional regulatory variation, and suggests that the set of genes affected by such variation may be conserved across species.
Experiments in C. elegans reveal how synaptotagmin and Rab3, the 'yin and yang' of synapses, control whether transmitter vesicles remain docked at the presynaptic membrane or release their contents into the synapse.
Opposing gradients of Fat and Dachsous phosphorylation are sufficient to explain the observed pattern of Fat-Dachsous planar polarisation across the Drosophila wing.
Stephan Heermann, Lucas Schütz ... Joachim Wittbrodt
The lens-averted domains of the optic vesicle are reservoirs of neuroretinal cells that flow into the developing optic cup in a process that is critically influenced by BMP signaling.
A key B-cell tyrosine kinase that adopts an autoinhibited conformation, and can be activated by either membrane recruitment or soluble inositol hexakisphosphates in solution.
Kristin S Koutmou, Anthony P Schuller ... Rachel Green
Ribosomes undergo an unanticipated movement (‘sliding’) while translating homopolymeric A sequences, which provides a biochemical rationale for the observation that iterated AAA codons are under-represented in gene-coding sequences.
Katelyn M Gostic, Adam J Kucharski, James O Lloyd-Smith
Pathogen natural history, epidemiological knowledge, human behavior and epidemic progression determine whether symptom screening and questionnaires are effective barriers to geographic spread of infection by travelers.
Michael J Arcaro, Christopher J Honey ... Uri Hasson
Functional coupling between visual areas reflects supra-areal eccentricity organization distinct from overlapping receptive field connectivity during both rest conditions and naturalistic movie viewing.
The chaperone protein BiP forms complexes with Ire1 and Perk that dissociate when unfolded proteins bind to BiP to activate the unfolded protein response in the ER.
Fully functional regulatory elements can arise rapidly from transposable elements via a novel route where non-allelic gene conversion can act to speed up the evolutionary fine-tuning of regulatory elements.
During cilium-generated signaling, ciliary membrane protein trafficking is unidirectional and ciliary membrane protein composition is regulated through action in the cytoplasm of the retrograde intraflagelllar transport (IFT) motor and shedding of ciliary ectosomes.
Variations in the frequency of theta brain waves enable a single network of brain regions to generate appropriate responses to stimuli with different kinds of emotional value.
A combination of light and electron microscopy data provide new insights into the dynamic architecture and the function of the endocytic protein machinery in relation to membrane shape changes in vivo.
Miguel Rovira, Pedro Saavedra ... Peter A Lawrence
Building on previous work (Saaverda et al., 2014), we show that the Dachsous/Fat system can polarise different parts of a single cell in opposite ways in the Drosophila larva.
In vivo imaging of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity reveals radial ERK activation patterns that are associated with cell cycle progression in the mouse epidermis.
Deep penetration and transmission of mechanical force to regulate ER functions depends on not only the passive cytoskeletal support, but also the active actomyosin contractility, which is dispensable for mechanotransduction at the plasma membrane.
A new protein–protein interaction motif identified in the polarity protein and tumor suppressor Scribble, and other cortical proteins, controls their interaction with spectrins and is crucial for the localization and function of Scribble.
Hermann C Altmeppen, Johannes Prox ... Markus Glatzel
A lack of ADAM10-mediated shedding increases prion protein levels at the plasma membrane and promotes the generation of pathological prion proteins, which accelerates prion disease in mice.
Faced with multiple sources of sound, humans can better perceive all of a target sound's features when one of those features changes in time with a visual stimulus.
Diane M Bushman, Gwendolyn E Kaeser ... Jerold Chun
Somatically derived genomic mosaicism in the form of increased DNA content and APP copy number in single neurons plausibly has a function in sporadic Alzheimer’s disease and points to functions for single-neuron gene copy number changes.
Vladislav Susoy, Erik J Ragsdale ... Ralf J Sommer
Evolutionary novelty is promoted by a macroevolutionary pulse of developmental plasticity, but is enhanced by secondary fixation, which permits developmental character release and further morphological exploration.
Cells package active receptors in endosomes at fairly constant amounts and can determine different cell-fate decisions by regulating the number and lifetime of receptor packages.
Mucosal application of the anti-retroviral drug tenofovir, which is intended to prevent HIV transmission, has many off-target effects on the mucosa itself.
Maria-Graciela Hollm-Delgado, Frédéric B Piel ... Robert E Black
An analysis of national survey data shows that vitamin A might protect against malaria infection, an effect potentially modified by seasonality, and that no routine vaccinations were linked to parasitemia, though BCG vaccination was associated with PfHRP-2 antigenemia.
Loss-of-heterozygosity mutations, but not aneuploidies, are linked to the evolution of drug resistance in Candida albicans isolated from immunocompromised patients.
Nicolas Baeyens, Stefania Nicoli ... Martin A Schwartz
Flow-dependent remodeling of blood vessels is critical for normal physiology and for recovery from arterial blockage in disease; understanding its cellular mechanisms may lead to the development of treatments for patients that are deficient in this process following myocardial infarction or other vascular diseases.
A cluster of cofilin along an otherwise bare actin filament induces distinctively asymmetric cooperative conformational changes to the filament on either side of the cluster.
Jennifer Winstanley, Annick Sawala ... Hilary L Ashe
The in vivo activity of Tolloid during Drosophila dorsal-ventral patterning is regulated by the differential specificity of its non-catalytic domains in mediating substrate and Collagen IV interaction.
Angus Chadwick, Mark CW van Rossum, Matthew F Nolan
Independent coding without synaptic coordination explains complex sequences of population activity observed during theta states and maximizes the number of distinct environments that can be encoded through population theta sequences.
Rab26 selectively directs synaptic and secretory vesicles into preautophagosomal structures, suggesting the presence of a novel pathway (vesiculophagy) for degradation of synaptic vesicles.
Michele LeRoux, Robin L Kirkpatrick ... Joseph D Mougous
The death of bacterial kin cells releases a danger signal that activates a posttranscriptional response in surviving cells, resulting in the rapid elaboration of interbacterial competition factors.