Acknowledging selection at sub-organismal levels resolves controversy on pro-cooperation mechanisms
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Examples of cooperation, cheating, partner choice (PC), and partner fidelity feedback (PFF).
(A) An example of homotypic (sharing an identical benefit) and kin (between genetic relatives) cooperation, and cheating. During iron limitation, a focal cooperative Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell …
Figure 2
Variability in group cooperator frequency promotes cooperation.
(A) Rules of interactions: A cooperator (filled circle) gives birth to a cooperator and helps each of the rest of group members to sire one additional offspring before dying. A cheater (unfilled …
Figure 3
Revised definitions of PC and PFF.
(A) Adapted from Figure 3 in (Momeni et al., 2013) by B. Momeni. [L− A+], [A− L+], and [L−] are reproductively isolated yeast cells expressing different fluorescent proteins. On an agarose pad …
Figure 4
PFF and PC act at multiple levels in the mutualistic cooperation between mitochondria and multicellular eukaryotes.
(A) An eukaryotic cell contains multiple mitochondria (dashed versus solid boundaries representing dysfunctional versus functional mitochondria). Each mitochondrion contains multiple mtDNAs …
