Bleaching causes loss of disease resistance within the threatened coral species Acropora cervicornis
- Mote Marine Laboratory, United States
- Pennsylvania State University, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Digital photographs of each genotype of Acropora cervicornis used within the present study.
Photographs labeled pre-bleaching were taken in August 2015 and those labeled post-bleaching were taken in September 2015.
Figure 2 with 3 supplements
Comparison between photochemical yield and disease susceptibility measurements taken pre-bleaching (August) and post-bleaching (September) for 15 genotypes of Acropora cervicornis.
(A) Average photochemical yield (Fv/Fm) of S. fitti associated with 15 different genets of Acropora cerviconis after dark acclimation occurred. Measurements were taken in August, prior to bleaching (black bars) and in September, post bleaching (grey bars). Pre- and post-bleaching photochemical yields were significantly different (asterisk). Labels above the- bars represent the Symbiodinium fitti strain where S indicates a F421 strain and D represents all other strains detected. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. (B) The relative percent of ramets that showed disease signs within each of the 15 genets of Acropora cervicornis exposed to a disease homogenate (n = 5–7 ramets per genet per treatment). Bars represent disease susceptibility for each genet in August, prior to bleaching (black) or in September, post bleaching (grey).
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of all genotypes tested within each trial in August/early September (Trials 1–3, pre-bleaching), and in September (trial 4, post-bleaching).
Trial 1 (August 14, 2015): 9 genotypes, n = 2 per genotype; Trial 2 (August 20, 2015): 8 genotypes, n = 7 per genotype; Trial 3 (September 3, 2015): 14 genotypes, n = 4–10 per genotype; Trial 4 (September 24, 2015): 15 genotypes, n = 10 per genotype.
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Average disease susceptibility of corals that contain either F421 strain of symbiodinium (Single, n = 11) or other strains of Symbiodinium (Diverse, n = 4).
Error bars represent standard error of the mean.
Figure 2—figure supplement 3
Average disease susceptibility of corals that contain either F421 strain of Symbiodinium (Single, n = 11) or other strains of Symbiodinium (Diverse, n = 4) over the different trials within the study.
Error bars represent standard error of the mean.
Figure 3
Caterpillar plot of the Bayesian relative risk analysis of Acropora cervicornis on the log scale.
(A) relative risk increase after exposure of corals to the disease homogenate compared with corals that were exposed to the healthy homogenate under non-bleaching conditions and (B) relative risk increase after exposure of corals to the disease homogenate when corals were bleached compared with corals that were bleached and exposed to the healthy homogenate. Dots represent the median risk value of that genet, lines depict the 95% credible interval of the Bayesian analysis. Credible intervals entirely above (below) a relative risk of 1 indicate a significant increase (decrease) in disease risk after exposure to the risk. Credible intervals that include a value of 1 indicate no significant influence of exposure to the risk.
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
A nonmetric multidimensional scaling plot of the bacterial community within healthy and diseased tissue homogenates after Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
Grey dots represent the healthy homogenate samples and the black dots represent the disease homogenate samples. NB denotes the samples that came from corals in August 2015, when they were not bleached. B denotes the samples that came from corals in September 2015, when corals were bleached. Note that two healthy points were so similar in multidimensional space that they overlap within the present figure.
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Histogram showing the average relative abundance of each major bacterial class identified within the healthy and disease tissue homogenates, excluding the one outlier sample.
Classes grouped within ‘Others’ are those with a < 3% relative abundance within the homogenates.
Figure 5
Digital photograph of an Acropora cervicornis fragment showing typical signs of white-band disease spreading from the base of the skeleton to the branch tip.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.011Additional files
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Supplementary file 1
Results of the two-sample t-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests comparing the photochemical yield of 15 different genotypes of Acropora cervicornis prior to bleaching in August 2015 and after bleaching occurred in September 2015.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.012
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Supplementary file 2
Symbiodinium fitti multilocus genotypes.
Replicate samples of the same host genet contained the same S. fitti genotype in all cases. Host genets 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 41, 44, 47 and 58 harbor S. fitti strain F421.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.013
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Supplementary file 3
Results of the Bayesian relative risk analysis on the log scale when disease prevalence of corals exposed to the disease homogenate were compared with those that were exposed to the healthy homogenate prior to bleaching.
Bold genotypes represent those that showed a significant increased risk after exposure to disease.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.014
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Supplementary file 4
Results of the Bayesian relative risk analysis on the log scale when disease prevalence of corals exposed to the disease homogenate were compared with those that were exposed to the healthy homogenate post bleaching.
Bold genotypes represent those that showed a significant increased risk after exposure to disease.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.015
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Supplementary file 5
Collection information including date of collection, habitat type of collection site, and collection location in latitude and longitude of each coral genotype used within the present study.
After corals were collected they were maintained and propagated within Mote Marine Laboratory's offshore in situ coral nursery.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.016
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Supplementary file 6
Experimental design and results of the four different trials used to quantify relative risk of disease for 15 different genotypes of Acropora cervicornis
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.017
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Supplementary file 7
OpenBUGS code for relative risk analysis.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.018
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Supplementary file 8
Acropora cervicornis multilocus genotypes using 4 previously published microsatellite markers (Baums et al., 2005).
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.019
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Supplementary file 9
Standardized grouping information to identify each operational taxonomic unit to the most accurate taxonomic level.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.020
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Transparent reporting form
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066.021
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Bleaching causes loss of disease resistance within the threatened coral species Acropora cervicornis
eLife 7:e35066.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.35066
