Site, rice pest and predator populations, insecticide use, and yield data for comparison of plant-diversified farms (treatment) and mono-rice farms (control) in Shanghai, China.
Chemical insecticides applied to control the main insect pests on plant-diversified farms and mono-rice farms in Shanghai, China from 2001 to 2015.
The crosses indicate, for each insecticide, when they were used.
(A) and (B) Pink rice borer; (C) and (D) Rice brown planthopper; (E) and (F) Rice leaf roller. The blue and red lines (in Figure 6A, C and E) indicate the plant-diversified and mono-rice farms, …
Pink rice borer: mean and standard deviation (individual per lamp per year) from the 15 year monitoring data, stratified by year and farm type.
Rice brown planthopper: mean and standard deviation (individual per lamp per year) from the 15 year monitoring data, stratified by year and farm type.
Rice leaf roller: mean and standard deviation (individual per ha per year) from the 15 year monitoring data, stratified by year and farm type.
Economic Injury Levels of pink rice borers, rice brown planthoppers and rice leaf rollers issued by Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center (SATESC).
‘/' denotes that there is no Economic Injury Level for rice leaf roller in grain-filling stage of rice.
Abundance of predators in the rice fields was sampled at an interval of 15–20 days (with minor variation due to weather conditions) from seedling stage to grain stage from 2007 to 2015. Vertical …
Predator abundances: mean and standard deviation (individual per 100 rice clusters per year) from the 15 year monitoring data, stratified by year and farm type.
(A) Predator abundance in different years; and (B) Predator abundance on four crops (soybean, maize, eggplant and Chinese cabbage). Abundance of predators (ladybird beetles, lacewings and spiders) …
(A) Number of insecticide sprays; (B) Amount of commercial insecticide sprayed (kg•ha−1); (C) Amount of active ingredient in insecticide sprayed (kg•ha−1); and (D) Grain yield (t•ha−1). Vertical …
The amount of commercial insecticide and active ingredient sprayed per crop: mean and standard deviation (kg•ha−1) from the 15 year monitoring data, stratified by year and farm type.
The number of insecticide spray per crop: mean and standard deviation from the 15 year monitoring data, stratified by year and farm type.
Cost–benefit analysis of plant-diversified farms compared with mono-rice farms.
All data are mean values from 2001 to 2015; average grain price is 2.163 RMB per kilogram, and average soybean price is 3.873 RMB per kilogram; about 3% of one-hectare rice field was taken by soybeans in the field ridge, and soybean yield is about 25.0 kilograms per hectare rice field. Means ± SE.
Grain yield: mean and standard deviation (kg•ha−1) from the 15 year monitoring data, stratified by year and farm type.
(A) Density of rice plant-hoppers sampled in rice field plots; (B) Density of rice stem borers sampled in rice field plots; (C) Density of rice leaf rollers sampled in rice field plots; (D) Density …
Stem borer: mean and standard deviation (individual per 100 rice clusters) from the common-location-experiments, stratified by year, farm identity, and farm type.
Rice plant-hopper: mean and standard deviation (individual per 100 rice clusters) from the common-location-experiments, stratified by year, farm identity, and farm type.
Leaf roller: mean and standard deviation (individual per 100 rice clusters) from the common-location-experiments, stratified by year, farm identity, and farm type.
Predator: mean and standard deviation (individual per 100 rice clusters) from the common-location-experiments, stratified by year, farm identity, and farm type.
Insecticide amount: mean and standard deviation (kg•ha−1) from the common-location-experiments, stratified by year, farm identity, and farm type.
Yield: mean and standard deviation (kg•ha−1) from the common-location-experiments, stratified by year, farm identity, and farm type.
Vertical bars denote SE.
The horizontal line marks the standard power level of 80%. Vertical line denotes the 95% confidence interval for the power estimates.
See caption of Figure 7—figure supplement 1 for details.
See caption of Figure 7—figure supplement 1 for details.
See caption of Figure 7—figure supplement 1 for details.
‘+' indicates increased level and '-' indicates decreased level.
On each farm, the rice growing area was divided into nine paddy plots, which were 60–70 × 25–35 m on each plot. Three to six rice field plots of 0.120–0.167 hectares were selected in each community …
(A) Drawing plot diagram for plant-diversified fields; and (B) the photograph for plant-diversified fields. ‘×', ‘o’ and ‘§' denoted rice, soybean and maize, respectively. The layout of each control …
Here insect pests included rice planthoppers, rice stem borers, and rice leaf rollers; predators were involved in ladybird beetles, lacewings and spiders.