Effects of blood meal source and seasonality on reproductive traits of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella” (InViV), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (FCM), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Comahue (UNCo), Argentina
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
Interaction plot for fecundity model. Interaction plot showing the effect of blood meal source (chicken or mouse) and seasonality (autumn or summer) on fecundity (eggs/raft) of Culex quinquefasciatus.
Points represent the predicted marginal mean ± 95% confidence intervals, obtained from a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a negative binomial distribution and log link function, including treatment as a random intercept effect. Means sharing same letters are not statistically different (p>0.05), based on pairwise comparisons with Tukey's adjustment. Treatments: Summer-Chicken (n = 250), Summer-Mouse (n = 236), Autumn-Chicken (n = 434), Autumn-Mouse (n = 242).
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Variation of statistical power of the interaction between blood source and seasonality for the fecundity model across several sample sizes.
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Interaction plots for fertility model.
Interaction plots showing the effect of blood meal source (chicken or mouse) and seasonality (autumn or summer) (A) or blood meal source and gonotrophic cycle (first or second) (B) on fertility (eggs/raft) of Culex quinquefasciatus. Points represent the predicted marginal mean ± 95% confidence intervals, obtained from a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a negative binomial distribution and log link function, including treatment as a random intercept effect. Means sharing same letters are not statistically different (p>0.05), based on pairwise comparisons with Tukey's adjustment. Treatments: Summer-Chicken: (n = 250), Summer-Mouse (n = 236), Autumn-Chicken (n = 434), Autumn-Mouse (n = 242); Cycle I-Chicken (n = 422), Cycle I-Mouse (n = 313), Cycle II-Chicken (n = 262), Cycle II-Mouse (n = 165).
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Variation of statistical power of the interaction between blood source and seasonality for the fertility model across several sample sizes.
Figure 3
Variation of reproductive outputs across replicates.
Dotplots showing the variation of predicted fecundity (eggs/raft) and fertility (larvae/raft) means ± 95% confidence intervals of Culex quinquefasciatus along the 24 treatments, with combination of blood source (chicken or mouse), seasonality (autumn or summer), gonotrophic cycle (first or second) and replicate (1–3), obtained from a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a negative binomial distribution and log link function, including treatment as a random intercept effect. Treatments: Summer-Chicken-I (n = 162), Summer-Chicken-II (n = 88), Summer-Mouse-I (n = 167), Summer-Mouse-II (n = 69), Autumn-Chicken-I (n = 260), Autumn-Chicken-II (n = 174), Autumn-Mouse-I (n = 146), Autumn-Mouse-II (n = 96).
Figure 4
Variation of hatchability across replicates.
Boxplots showing predicted hatchability median of Culex quinquefasciatus for the 24 treatments, combining replicate (1-3), blood meal source (chicken or mouse), seasonality (summer or autumn), and gonotrophic cycle (first or second) . Values obtained from a generalized linear model (GLM) with a quiasipoisson distribution and log link function. Treatments: Summer-Chicken-I (n = 162), Summer-Chicken-II (n = 88), Summer-Mouse-I (n = 167), Summer-Mouse-II (n = 69), Autumn-Chicken-I (n = 260), Autumn-Chicken-II (n = 174), Autumn-Mouse-I (n = 146), Autumn-Mouse-II (n = 96).
Tables
Table 1
Reproductive outcomes of Culex quinquefasciatus indicating average fecundity, fertility and hatchability for both gonotrophic cycles, accompanied with its respective standard deviation.
| Replicate | Blood source | Season | Gonotrophic cycle | No. engorged females | No. egg rafts | Fecundity (eggs/raft) | Fertility (larvae/raft) | Hatchability(larvae/eggs) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | chicken | autumn | I | 163 | 76 | 147.47±31.84 | 133.24±38.19 | 0.89±0.14 |
| 1 | chicken | summer | I | 116 | 74 | 125.64±39.57 | 109.39±43.66 | 0.85±0.19 |
| 1 | mouse | autumn | I | 58 | 23 | 124.48±20.85 | 119.96±21.47 | 0.96±0.04 |
| 1 | mouse | summer | I | 208 | 120 | 150.67±29.41 | 140.38±33.15 | 0.93±0.10 |
| 1 | chicken | autumn | II | 73 | 36 | 142.14±36.59 | 129.09±43.62 | 0.87±0.18 |
| 1 | chicken | summer | II | 38 | 27 | 138.23±30.27 | 117.27±37.99 | 0.85±0.18 |
| 1 | mouse | autumn | II | 23 | 15 | 89.13±19.33 | 73.29±28.09 | 0.84±0.24 |
| 1 | mouse | summer | II | 92 | 45 | 106.68±31.97 | 99.16±31.18 | 0.93±0.10 |
| 2 | chicken | autumn | I | 178 | 89 | 138.23±37.45 | 122.7±41.55 | 0.90±0.15 |
| 2 | chicken | summer | I | 78 | 51 | 128.75±38.9 | 126.08±33.97 | 0.89±0.13 |
| 2 | mouse | autumn | I | 110 | 69 | 103.04±19.01 | 91.32±22.96 | 0.89±0.16 |
| 2 | mouse | summer | I | 36 | 27 | 113.26±30.66 | 103.83±34.81 | 0.89±0.20 |
| 2 | chicken | autumn | II | 86 | 66 | 127.4±37.07 | 116.35±39.9 | 0.89±0.16 |
| 2 | chicken | summer | II | 48 | 34 | 143.68±28.06 | 136.75±28.05 | 0.92±0.11 |
| 2 | mouse | autumn | II | 63 | 52 | 88.87±19.65 | 77.86±22.88 | 0.88±0.15 |
| 2 | mouse | summer | II | 18 | 14 | 78.29±25.77 | 67±25.79 | 0.87±0.18 |
| 3 | chicken | autumn | I | 150 | 96 | 147.22±33.4 | 129.33±39.45 | 0.88±0.16 |
| 3 | chicken | summer | I | 67 | 38 | 145.03±44.39 | 136.03±45.49 | 0.90±0.14 |
| 3 | mouse | autumn | I | 92 | 54 | 96.04±23.78 | 85.76±27.45 | 0.89±0.18 |
| 3 | mouse | summer | I | 27 | 20 | 104.3±21.42 | 98.35±23.86 | 0.93±0.09 |
| 3 | chicken | autumn | II | 94 | 73 | 144.07±37.49 | 125.23±39.42 | 0.87±0.17 |
| 3 | chicken | summer | II | 35 | 28 | 156.36±26.71 | 141±39.53 | 0.90±0.18 |
| 3 | mouse | autumn | II | 42 | 29 | 79.66±19.94 | 68.76±23.73 | 0.87±0.21 |
| 3 | mouse | summer | II | 17 | 11 | 100.36±22.82 | 96.1±24.06 | 0.94±0.06 |
Table 2
Analysis of deviance table for the generalized linear mixed model examining the effects of blood source, seasonality, gonotrophic cycle, and their interactions on the fecundity (eggs/raft) of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes across three replicates.
A random intercept for treatment was included to account for variability among the 24 treatments (variance = 0.006169). Abbreviations: LRT X2 = likelihood-ratio test; df = degrees of freedom.
| Factor | LRT X2 | df | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| blood source | 19.22 | 1 | 1.16 × 10–5 |
| seasonality | 1.50 | 1 | 0.22 |
| gonotrophic cycle | 0.47 | 1 | 0.49 |
| blood source × seasonality | 5.69 | 1 | 0.02 |
| blood source × gonotrophic cycle | 2.74 | 1 | 0.1 |
| seasonality × gonotrophic cycle | 2.07 | 1 | 0.15 |
| blood source × seasonality × gonotrophic cycle | 1.65 | 1 | 0.20 |
Table 3
Analysis of deviance table for the generalized linear mixed model examining the effects of blood source, seasonality, gonotrophic cycle, and their interactions on the fertility (larvae/raft) of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes across three replicates.
A random intercept for treatment was included to account for variability among the 24 treatments (variance = 0.007226). Abbreviations: LRT X2 = likelihood-ratio test; df = degrees of freedom.
| Factor | LRT X2 | df | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| blood source | 13.30 | 1 | 0.0026 |
| seasonality | 0.36 | 1 | 0.54 |
| gonotrophic cycle | 0.28 | 1 | 0.59 |
| blood source × seasonality | 4.37 | 1 | 0.03 |
| blood source × gonotrophic cycle | 3.98 | 1 | 0.04 |
| seasonality × gonotrophic cycle | 0.92 | 1 | 0.34 |
| blood source × seasonality × gonotrophic cycle | 0.50 | 1 | 0.47 |
Table 4
Analysis of deviance table for the generalized linear model examining the effects of blood source, seasonality, gonotrophic cycle, replicate and their interactions on the hatchability (larvae/eggs) of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes.
Abbreviations: LRT X2 = likelihood-ratio test; df = degrees of freedom.
| Factor | LRT X2 | df | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| blood source | 2.50 | 1 | 0.11 |
| seasonality | 3.06 | 1 | 0.08 |
| gonotrophic cycle | 0.005 | 1 | 0.94 |
| replicate | 1.31 | 1 | 0.51 |
| blood source × seasonality | 0.12 | 1 | 0.72 |
| blood source × gonotrophic cycle | 3.64 | 1 | 0.06 |
| seasonality × gonotrophic cycle | 0.07 | 1 | 0.79 |
| blood source × replicate | 2.42 | 1 | 0.30 |
| seasonality × replicate | 2.96 | 1 | 0.23 |
| gonotrophic cycle × replicate | 0.07 | 1 | 0.96 |
| blood source × seasonality × gonotrophic cycle | 2.73 | 1 | 0.10 |
| blood source × seasonality × replicate | 0.02 | 1 | 0.99 |
| blood source × gonotrophic cycle × replicate | 2.48 | 1 | 0.29 |
| seasonality × gonotrophic cycle × replicate | 0.43 | 1 | 0.81 |
| blood source × seasonality × gonotrophic cycle × replicate | 2.57 | 1 | 0.28 |
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Effects of blood meal source and seasonality on reproductive traits of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
eLife 12:RP89485.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.89485.5
