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Bird species in tropical mountains appear to adapt to high-elevation conditions by modifying eggshell structure to reduce water loss during embryonic development.

The efficiency of a multi-component sensory system depends on balancing the cost–benefit functions of its individual components.

Two major crop pests produce different salivary proteins that disable the plant immune sensor RLP4, weakening plant defenses and revealing a shared strategy insects use to promote feeding.

Cyanobacterial colonies are robust structures, in particular when formed through cell division, and do not break under typical lake flows.

Sensory cues paired with rewards can drive riskier decision-making by reducing sensitivity to losses, helping explain how gambling environments promote addictive behavior.

Brain activity is organized as large ripples that can cover wide regions of the brain.

Teenagers cooperate less than adults because they are less motivated to reciprocate fairness and shared cooperation.

Alcohol suppresses stress-related communication in brain circuits governing motivation and habit formation.