Different LUAD subgroups were characterized by unique genetic mutation profiles. (A) TMB analysis in three groups of LUAD samples. ***P < 0.0005. (B) Proportion of different oncogenic drivers including KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, ERBB2 mutations, and ALK, ROS1 fusions in three LUAD subgroups. (C) Kaplan-Meyer overall survival curves for EGFR-mutation samples of LUAD by hub gene subgroups. (D) Kaplan-Meyer overall survival curves for pan-negative LUAD samples by hub gene subgroups. (E-G) Comparison of top gene mutations in three LUAD clusters, including ML vs. MM (C), MM vs. MH (D), ML vs MH (E).