Summary of experimental procedures for each intervention arm in Study 1.

Participants attended two sessions: a control session and a stimulation session (arms: itbPMS, ctbPMS, Sham, TENS), separated at least 48 hours. The order of sessions was counterbalanced across participants.

Summary of experimental procedures for the stimulation session in Study 2.

Participants attended two sessions: a control session and a stimulation session (itbPMS + pink noise), separated by at least 48 hours. The order of sessions was counterbalanced across participants.

Analysis of intensity, unpleasantness, and secondary hyperalgesia data.

The changes in NRS scores were represented as difference in (intervention – control session) for all intervention arms. Significance is shown with stars (*p<0.05, *** p<0.001). No other comparisons were significant.

Average secondary hyperalgesia map of all conditions within each intervention arm.

The area of secondary hyperalgesia from the intervention session (colored lines) and control session (black) are shown on radial plots in cm. Standard error of the mean is shown in grey for control session, and in color for the stimulation session.

Within-subject comparison of baseline (no stimulation) and itbPMS stimulation with pink noise.

No significant changes in secondary hyperalgesia (p=0.501) were reported when participants received no stimulation compared to itbPMS with pink noise. The bar chart (left panel) indicates the mean value of each session, and each line represents a participant. The area of secondary hyperalgesia (right panel) from the intervention session (colored lines) and control session (black) are shown on radial plots in centimeters. Standard error of the mean is shown in grey for control session, and in pink for the itbPMS+pink noise condition.