Gender–specific Avp transcript density in the brain.

(A) Avp transcript density in main brain regions detected by RNAscope. Female 3V region and hypothalamus and male hypothalamus had the highest Avp transcript density. (B) Representative micrographs of some of the hypothalamic and forebrain regions with highest Avp expression. Scale bar: 20 µm. (C) Avp transcript density in nuclei, sub– nuclei and regions of the hypothalamus, forebrain, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Note, that Avp transcripts were found only in the female 3V ependymal layer and thalamus.

Gender–specific Avpr1a transcript density in the brain.

(A) Probe specificity was established by a positive signal in renal tubules of the kidney (positive control) with an absent signal in the frontal association cortex (FrA) (negative control). Also shown are representative micrographs of medullary central canal (CC) and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc). (B) Avpr1a transcript density in main brain regions detected by RNAscope. (C) Avpr1a transcript density in nuclei, sub–nuclei and regions of the ventricular regions, hypothalamus, medulla, midbrain and pons, forebrain, olfactory bulb, hippocampus, thalamus, cortex and cerebellum. Scale bar: 25 µm (controls) and 20 µm in (A).

Avp and Avpr1a co-localization in the brain. We found that various nuclei and sub–nuclei exhibited Avp and Avpr1a co-localization in the brain of both sexes. (A) Female and (B) male AVpr1a to Avp ratios in the cortex, forebrain, hippocampus, 3rd ventricular region, thalamus and hypothalamus.

Avp and Avpr1a transcript densities in the pituitary gland. RNAscope revealed Avp and Avpr1a expression in the posterior pituitary lobe with Avp and Avpr1a transcript densities that were higher in male compared with female mice.

Gender–specific Avp transcript numbers in the brain.

(A) Total numbers of Avp–positive cells in main brain regions detected by RNAscope. (B) Total numbers of Avp–positive cells in nuclei, sub–nuclei and regions of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, forebrain and cortex. Note, that Avp–positive cells were found only in the female 3V ependymal layer and thalamus. Also shown are representative RNAscope micrographs of hypothalamic regions with highest Avp expression; i.e., supraotpic nucleus (SO), paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral magnocellular part (PaLM), retrochiasmatic area (RCh), supraoptic nucleus, retrochiasmatic part (SOR) and suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCh). Scale bar: 20 µm.

Gender–specific Avpr1a transcript numbers in the brain.

(A) Tolal Avpr1a transcript numbers in main brain regions detected by RNAscope. (B) Avpr1a transcript density in nuclei, sub–nuclei and regions of the medulla, hypothalamus, cortex, midbrain and pons, forebrain, thalamus, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and ventricular regions. Also shown are representative RNAscope micrographs of medullary regions with highest Avpr1a expression; i.e., hypoglossal nucleus (12N), intermediate reticular nucleus (IRt), lateral reticular nucleus (LRt) and medullary reticular nucleus, ventral part (MdV). Scale bar: 20 µm.