Flowchart of the P. falciparum samples and data from Magude and Matutuine districts collected in 2022.

Statistics of travel reports.

A) Pie chart showing the distributions of the travel destination provinces in sampled individuals from Maputo province (Magude and Matutuine). Colours show the provinces from blue (south) to red (north). B) Spatial connectivity based on travel history. Line widths are proportional to the number of travels reported from Maputo province to their destination province, with the same colors as in A.

Sample size and characteristics of the P. falciparum clinical cases in Magude and Matutuine with travel history data.

Genetic relatedness (identity-by-descent, IBD) of P. falciparum infections betweenprovinces and regions in Mozambique.

A) Fraction (R) of IBD-related sample pairs (IBD>0.1 with p<0.05) within and between different provinces, represented in colours. B) Spatial genetic connectivity between provinces. Line widths and point sizes are proportional to R, and colours show the ranking in R values (from blue to red, using turbo colormap). C) R between and within different regions (south, centre and north), and combining samples from centre and north (D).

Distribution of importation probabilities by district.

Distribution of the individual probabilities of being imported for the studied clinical cases from Magude (orange) and Matutuine (blue) districts.

Fraction of imported cases per province.

Weighted number of cases: the total number of cases (weighted by their probability) imported from each province (n=207). Imported cases: the total number of cases classified as imported if P(imported)>50% (n=207). % cases with travel reports: The fraction of imported cases from each province with respect to the total of cases reporting travels (n=107). % all reported: the total contribution of imported cases from each province with respect to all reported cases in the Maputo province (n=207). Imported to Magude: total of imported cases residing in Magude (n=28). Imported to Matutuine: total of imported cases residing in Matutuine (n=179).

Odds ratio statistics of factors associated with importation and travel.

Odds ratio of importation (A-B), reporting travel (C-D) and importation for cases with travel reports (E-F) for different factors in univariate (A, C and E) and multivariate (B, D and F) models, for all P. falciparum clinical cases recruited in Magude and Matutuine (n=207 for A-D, n=107 for E and F).