Map showing location of each study area in Salvador.

Each area includes symbology for stream (blue line), open sewer points (purple diamond), and domestic rubbish piles (orange triangle).

Schematic diagram showing what data sources are used in which model, and how models are linked with each other.

The blue sections represent phase one, the individual-level models, whilst the orange section represent phase two, the population-level model.

Descriptive diagram of step-selection functions.

A: step lengths (sl) and turning angles (θ) are used to characterise an individual’s movements. B: these parameters are used to create a set of available steps (grey dots) for every used step (black dots).

Summary table comparing parent study participants and movement study participants

Estimated differences (γ) in selection coefficients (β) for each environmental factor using distance-based rasters. Values >1 represent increasing distance from points of reference

Estimated differences (γ) in selection coefficients (β) for each environmental factor using 20 meter buffers around each point of reference. Values >1 represent movement within the buffer zone for each point of reference.

Graph showing results of final analyses: A) results for distance based rasters, values above 1 interpreted as increasing distance to points of reference; B) results for 20 meter buffer based rasters, values above 1 show movement within buffer zones.

Each horizontal band represents a specific time period (right hand side y-axis label): all day (5 am – 9 pm, Tables 2 and 3), morning (5 am – 9 am), midday (9 am – 1 pm), afternoon (1pm – 5 pm) and evening (5 pm – 9 pm). All data points include their corresponding 95% confidence intervals, some of which are too narrow to show up clearly.

Distribution of telemetry data provided by each individual across 24 hour periods (x axis), separated into each of the four study areas.

Overlapping areas represent multiple days. Vertical bars represent 5 am (left hand bar) and 9 pm (right hand bar), the period of analysis.

Distribution of Leptospirosis antibody status (serological status) by gender and age.

Distribution of nearest distance to each of the environmental factors being analysed (central stream, open sewer points and domestic rubbish piles) by serological status and study area.

NA represents rest of households in study area that did not take part in movement analysis.