MIC values of chloramphenicol, linezolid, tedizolid, aztreonam, and their enantiomers against a panel of bacteria.

Cell colors range from yellow to brown, representing low to high MIC values, respectively. Reference ranges for quality control organisms are included in parentheses. Source numbers, Gram classifications, and oxygen requirements for all strains are provided in Table S1. CHL, chloramphenicol; LZD, linezolid; TZD, tedizolid; ATM, aztreonam; ATM-S, aztreonam-susceptible.

Acute toxicity study design, observed mortality rates, and determined MTDs for ent- and parent chloramphenicol, -linezolid, -tedizolid, and -aztreonam.

Binding antibody responses to different L- and D-peptide immunization strategies.

A) Immunization and collection schedules in BALB/c mice. B–D) Serum IgG antibody levels to B) L- and D-OmpB399, C) L- and D-StreptInCor, and D) L- and D-Omp31-TB at 14 days post-final immunization; assay limits of detection were 102. E) BALF IgA antibody levels to L- and D-Omp31-TB at 14 days post-final immunization; assay limit detection was 2. Data is plotted as geometric mean ± geometric SD (n = 5, PBS groups; n = 4, all other groups). One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc tests on log-transformed data was used to compare the responses of groups to each peptide. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001; ****, p ≤ 0.0001. s.c., subcutaneous; i.p., intraperitoneal; i.n., intranasal.

Source numbers, Gram classifications, and oxygen requirements for bacterial strains and isolates used in antimicrobial susceptibility studies.

ATCC, American Type Culture Collection; MMX, Microbiologics repository.

Absolute and relative organ weights (% of body weight) of animals treated with parent and ent-chloramphenicol on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001.

Absolute and relative organ weights (% of body weight) of animals treated with parent and ent-linezolid on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001.

Absolute and relative organ weights (% of body weight) of animals treated with parent and ent-tedizolid on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001.

Absolute and relative organ weights (% of body weight) of animals treated with parent and ent-aztreonam on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001.

Hematological parameters of animals treated with parent and ent-chloramphenicol on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001. WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelets.

Hematological parameters of animals treated with parent and ent-linezolid on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001. WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelets.

Hematological parameters of animals treated with parent and ent-tedizolid on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001. WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelets.

Hematological parameters of animals treated with parent and ent-aztreonam on day 14.

Results are expressed as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with the control group. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001. WBC, white blood cells; RBC, red blood cells; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; PLT, platelets.

Amino acid sequences of peptides used in this study.

A C-terminal cysteine was added to facilitate conjugation to KLH and BSA.

Peptide loading per carrier protein.

Body weight changes of mice over time after treatment with parent or ent-chloramphenicol, -linezolid, -tedizolid, and -aztreonam.

Data is plotted as mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc tests was used to compare treatment groups with their respective control groups on day 14. *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01; ***, p ≤ 0.001.