Age group division and corresponding training/test set sizes

Schematic of the procedure for building and testing hyperalignment templates.

Darker arrows indicate congruent templates (i.e., from the same age group), whereas light arrows indicate incongruent templates.

Inter-subject Correlation Results (Cam-CAN).

(a) The average z (± SD) for the old group was 0.6897 ± 0.0759 for congruent templates and 0.6700 ± 0.0839 for incongruent templates. The mean ISC difference (± SE) was 0.0197 ± 0.0017, t(212) = 11.33, Cohen’s d = 0.7766 and p < 10-22. The average z (± SD) for the young group was 0.8566 ± 0.1151 for congruent templates, and 0.8337 ± 0.1069 for incongruent templates. The mean ISC difference (± SE) was 0.0229 ± 0.0008, t(209) = 30.09, Cohen’s d = 2.0765 and p < 10-77. (b) Scatter plot of each participant’s average ISC value derived from different congruent and incongruent templates. (c) Topographic distribution of ISC difference across different brain regions.

Prediction performance comparison between congruent and incongruent templates.

(a) The average z (± SD) for the old group was 0.4279 ± 0.0558 for congruent templates, and 0.4126 ± 0.0597 for incongruent templates. The mean difference of predicted connectome (± SE) was 0.0154 ± 0.0007, t(212) = 21.91, Cohen’s d = 1.5014 and p < 10-55. The average z (± SD) for the young group was 0.5716 ± 0.0779 for congruent templates, and 0.5568 ± 0.0743 for incongruent templates. The mean difference of predicted connectome (± SE) was 0.0147 ± 0.0004, t(209) = 39.07, Cohen’s d = 2.6963 and p < 10-97. (b) Scatter plot of each participant’s average correlation value derived from different congruent and incongruent templates. (c) Topographic correlation difference across different brain regions.

Comparison of individual connectome prediction across all age spans.

(a) Scatter plot showing Pearson correlation between actual connectome and predicted connectome derived from young and old templates for individuals across all age spans (b) Correlation difference among individuals between two age group templates, ordered by age.

Predicting brain responses to the movie based on congruent and incongruent templates.

(a) The average z (± SD) for the old group was 0.1661 ± 0.0600 for congruent templates, and 0.1612 ± 0.0636 for incongruent templates. The mean difference (± SE) was 0.0049 ± 0.0010, t(212) = 5.02, Cohen’s d = 0.3443 and p < 10-5. The average z (± SD) for the young group was 0.2925 ± 0.0627 for congruent templates, and 0.2441 ± 0.0490 for incongruent templates. The mean difference (± SE) was 0.0485 ± 0.0013, t(209) = 35.99, Cohen’s d = 2.4833 and p < 10-90. (b) Scatter plot of each participant’s average predicted response values derived from different congruent and incongruent templates. (c) Topographic distribution of predicted response difference across different brain regions.