Clinical characteristics of the participants included in the study.

Bacterial community structure and composition characteristics. Alpha diversity based on Pielou index (A) and Shannon index (B); (C) Beta diversity based on the Bray-Curtis distance; Stacked graph of CST (D) and subCST (E) compositions; (F) Stacked plot of species composition; (G) Scatter plot of differentially abundant species between CSD and CON groups.

Fungal community structure and composition characteristics. Alpha diversity based on Pielou index (A) and Shannon index (B); (C) Beta diversity based on the Bray-Curtis distance; Stacked graph of phylum level (D) and species level (E) compositions; (F) The tree map of fungal community; (G) Box plot of differentially abundant species between CSD and CON groups.

Interaction between bacteria and fungi. (A) Co-occurrence network of fungal communities; (B) Comparison of the random robustness of co-occurrence network of fungal communities between CSD and CON groups; (C) Interaction network between bacteria and fungi; (D) Comparison of the random robustness of bacterial-fungal interaction network between CSD and CON groups; (E) Heatmap of the correlation between bacteria and fungi; (F) Network of correlations between bacteria and fungi (R ≥ 0.6, p ≤ 0.05).

Functional composition of the cervical microbiota. (A) PCA plot of microbial functional genes; (B) Differences in the composition of KEGG modules between CSD and CON; (C) Differences in the composition of KEGG pathway between CSD and CON; (D) Differences in the composition of carbohydrate-active enzymes between CSD and CON.

Metabolite composition and functional characteristics. (A) Heatmap of differentially abundant metabolites between CSD and CON groups; (B) Dot plot of KEGG enrichment analysis of metabolites. Red represents upregulation, blue represents downregulation; (C) Heatmap of the correlation between fungi and metabolites.

Heatmap of the correlation between bacterial and metabolites.

Correlations network of fungi, bacteria, and metabolites. The orange module represents metabolites. The yellow module represents bacteria. The green module represents fungi. The red line represents positive correlations. Blue line represents negative correlations. The thickness of the lines represents the magnitude of the correlation coefficient.