SC-FC coupling framework.

The framework used to quantify nodal SC-FC coupling in the human brain. The MPC was used to map similarity networks of intracortical microstructure (voxel intensity sampled in different cortical depth) for each cortical node. The WMC represents the extracortical excitatory projection structure, and communication models were then constructed to represent the complex process of communication. A multilinear model was constructed to examine the association of individual nodewise SC (MPC and communication models) profiles with FC profiles.

Cortical SC-FC coupling in young individuals.

(A) Spatial pattern of SC-FC coupling. (B) Spatial patterns with significant predictions (p<0.05, spin test). (C) SC-FC coupling comparisons among functional networks. The error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. (D-F) SC-FC coupling aligns with evolution expansion, myelin content and functional principal gradient. (G) Preferential contributions of cortical regions across different structural connections. Note: ***: p<0.001; **: p<0.01; *: p<0.05; n.s.: p>0.05. VIS, visual network; SM, somatomotor network; DA, dorsal attention network; VA, ventral attention network; LIM, limbic network; FP, frontoparietal network; DM, default mode network.

Aged-related changes in SC-FC coupling.

(A) Increases in whole-brain coupling with age. (B) Correlation of age with SC-FC coupling across all regions and significant regions (p<0.05, FDR corrected). (C) Comparisons of age-related changes in SC-FC coupling among functional networks. The boxes show the median and interquartile range (IQR; 25–75%), and the whiskers depict 1.5× IQR from the first or third quartile. (D-J) Correlation of age with SC-FC coupling across the VIS, SM, DA, VA, LIM, FP and DM. VIS, visual network; SM, somatomotor network; DA, dorsal attention network; VA, ventral attention network; LIM, limbic network; FP, frontoparietal network; DM, default mode network.

Encoding individual differences in intelligence using regional SC-FC coupling.

(A) Predictive accuracy of fluid, crystallized, and general intelligence composite scores. (B) Regional distribution of predictive weight. (C) Predictive contribution of functional networks. The boxes show the median and interquartile range (IQR; 25–75%), and the whiskers depict the 1.5× IQR from the first or third quartile.

Association between developmental changes in SC-FC coupling and gene transcriptional profiles.

(A) The map of developmental changes (absolute value of correlation coefficients) in SC-FC coupling across 105 left brain regions (left panel), and the normalized gene transcriptional profiles containing 10,027 genes in 105 left brain regions (right panel). (B) The correlation between developmental changes in SC-FC coupling and the first PLS component from the PLS regression analysis. (C) Enriched terms of significant genes. (D) Cell type-specific expression of significant genes. Note, pspin: spin test; pfdr: FDR corrected.