Design and Structure of MarmoAAP

A) CAD model of apparatus highlighting general apparatus layout, transparent testing boxes, frame structure, video cameras, and microphones. B) CAD model of lever-motor assembly. Left: Side view of lever-motor assembly. Potentiometer-motor adaptor has been omitted in this view due to its obstruction of view of other components. Right: Front view of lever-motor assembly. C) Photo of actual apparatus. D) Photo of lever-motor assembly.

Apparatus Parts and Information

Quantitative Behavioral Measurements with MarmoAAP

A) Quantification of average number of lever pulls performed per animal in Self-Reward and 1-sec Mutual Cooperation sessions. Red dashed line indicates the average number of trials collected per session from a sample of non-automated cooperative pulling paradigm experiments15,39–44. B) Event time series example from a Mutual Cooperation and Self-Reward session. Each bar represents a task-related event (tan: monkey 1 lever pull, brown: monkey 2 lever pull, blue: reward delivery). C) Metrics quantifying performance on MarmoAAP from six example sessions (3 Self-Reward, 3 Mutual Cooperation). Red diamond indicates the mean. Left: Success rate calculated as number of successful lever pulls divided by number of total lever pulls in a session. Middle: Rewards earned per working minute calculated as the average number of rewards earned in 60 seconds for cumulative time in a session in which a monkey had pulled a lever within 30 seconds of that time. Right: Inter-pull time calculated as the average amount of time between M1 and M2 lever pulls in a session. D) Example of DLC2 labeled video frame as marmosets perform cooperative pulling task. E) Quantification of gaze targets averaged across three example cooperation sessions. F) Example vocalizations captured during behavioral sessions. G) Peristimulus time histogram (mean +/− s.e.m.) of chirp vocalizations from one marmoset across Self-Reward (grey) and Mutual Cooperation (blue) sessions.

Wireless Neural Data Recordings with MarmoAAP

A) Photo of marmosets performing Mutual Cooperation task with one marmoset performing the task with a head-mounted wireless recording system. B) Example single-unit waveforms from one recording session of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). C) Top: Peristimulus time histogram of an example single orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) neuron averaged across all self lever pulls in one session aligned to the time of lever pull registration (dashed line) (bin size = 150 ms with 50 ms sliding window); Bottom: Raster plot of the same example OFC neuron relative to all self lever pulls (red line = lever pull registration) in one example session. D) Top: Peristimulus time histogram of an example dlPFC multi-unit averaged across all self lever pulls in one session aligned to the time of lever pull registration (dashed line) (bin size = 150 ms with 50 ms sliding window); Bottom: Raster plot of example dlPFC multi-unit relative to all self lever pulls (red line = lever pull registration) in one example session.