Figures and data
Demographic information of adolescents in the linear mixed model across three timepoints.
Intra-individual coefficient of variation (ICV) changes over time.
(A) ICV changes over time. (B) Correlation of ICV between timepoints within subjects. †, P < 0.001.
The predictive performances and networks of intra-individual coefficient of variation (ICV) per timepoint derived from Go trials.
Correlation between observed and predicted ICV in positive, negative, and combined networks at (A) age 14, (B) age 19, and (C) age 23. Predictive networks for ICV are at (D) age 14, (E) age 19, and (F) age 23. Connectome of positive and negative networks of ICV at (G) age 14, (H) age 19, and (I) age 23. The edges depicted above are those selected in at least 95% of cross-validation folds. Red, blue, and green spheres/lines/scatters represent positive, negative, and combined networks separately. MF, Medial frontal; FP, Frontoparietal; DMN, Default mode; MOT, Motor; VI, Visual I; VII, Visual II; VAs, Visual association; SAL, Salience; SC, Subcortical; CBL, Cerebellar. R/L, right/left hemisphere. ***, P < 0.001.
The predictive performances and networks of intra-individual coefficient of variation (ICV) per timepoint derived from Successful stop trials.
Correlation between observed and predicted ICV in positive, negative, and combined networks at (A) age 14, (B) age 19, and (C) age 23. Predictive networks for ICV are at (D) age 14, (E) age 19, and (F) age 23. Connectome of positive and negative networks of ICV at (G) age 14, (H) age 19, and (I) age 23. The edges depicted above are those selected in at least 95% of cross-validation folds. Red, blue, and green spheres/lines/scatters represent positive, negative, and combined networks separately. MF, Medial frontal; FP, Frontoparietal; DMN, Default mode; MOT, Motor; VI, Visual I; VII, Visual II; VAs, Visual association; SAL, Salience; SC, Subcortical; CBL, Cerebellar. R/L, right/left hemisphere. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
The predictive performances of intra-individual coefficient of variation (ICV) across timepoints and generalization in STRATIFY.
Predictive performances of ICV (A) derived from Go trials and (B) derived from Successful stop trials. The top, middle, and bottom rows of (A) and (B) panels show the predictive performance: using models defined at age 14 to predict age 19 (i.e., 14 yrs -> 19 yrs), using models defined at age 14 to predict age 23 (i.e., 14 yrs -> 23 yrs), and using models defined at age 19 to predict age 23 (i.e., 19 yrs ->23 yrs) respectively. Generalization of predictive networks predicting ICV defined at age 23 in STRATIFY (i.e., 23 yrs -> STRATIFY) derived from (C) Go trials and (D) Successful stop trials. The red, blue, and green scatter represent positive, negative, and combined networks. †, P < 0.001.
Significant correlations between sustained attention and substance use across timepoints (FDR correction, q<0.05).
(A) Correlations between the intra-individual coefficient of variation (ICV) and Cigarette and cannabis use (Cig+CB) across timepoints. Correlations between sustained attention network strength and Cig+CB across timepoints (B) derived from Go trials and (C) derived from Successful stop trials. Rhop: r value between network strength of the positive network. Rhon: r value between network strength of the negative network.
A simplified bivariate latent change score model for substance use and ICV/brain activity.
SUB, substance use (alcohol, cigarette and cannabis use); Brain, brain network strength of positive/negative network of sustained attention derived from Go trials/Successful stop trials. ICV, intra-individual coefficient of variation. T1, Timepoint 1 (age 14); T2, Timepoint 2 (age 19); T3, Timepoint 3 (age 23). γ1, lagged effects of substance use on ICV or brain activity. γ2, lagged effects of ICV or brain activity on substance use. The square/circle represents the observation/true score in the model.
Cigarette and cannabis score in Timeline Followback changes in individuals with high sustained attention (High SA) and low sustained attention (Low SA) from ages 14 to 23.
Participants were categorized into five equal groups based on the intra-individual coefficient of variation (ICV), strength of positive network, and strength of negative network at age 14. (A) Top ICV (Low SA) and bottom ICV (High SA) groups. (B) The top strength of the positive network (Low SA) and bottom strength of the positive network (High SA) groups derived from Go trials. (C) The top strength of the negative network (High SA) and bottom strength of the negative network (Low SA) groups derived from Go trials. Note that the higher strength of the negative network reflects lower ICV and higher sustained attention.
