Figures and data
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/97751%2Fv1%2Fcontent%2F24303874v1_tbl1.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Characteristics of participants in cross-sectional analysis
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/97751%2Fv1%2Fcontent%2F24303874v1_fig1.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Independent effect of specific antimicrobial exposures on Shannon diversity in A) cross-sectional, and B) longitudinal analyses.
Multivariable estimates are in black, univariable (unadjusted) estimates in grey. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Non-antimicrobial covariates are not shown but were included in the model and can be found in supplementary data. Results are not plotted for 4 antimicrobials (n = 6-12) that had standard errors >3 and did not differ significantly from zero. Estimates represent the impact of prolonged use, when exposure ≈ 1 (approximately 42 days, see Supplementary Figure 2).
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/97751%2Fv1%2Fcontent%2F24303874v1_fig2.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Independent effects of specific antimicrobial exposures on relative abundance of selected taxa in A) cross-sectional, and B) longitudinal multivariable analyses.
Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Non-antimicrobial covariates are not shown but were included in the model and can be found in supplementary data. Estimates represent the impact of prolonged use, when exposure ≈ 1 (approximately 42 days, see Supplementary Figure 2).
![](https://prod--epp.elifesciences.org/iiif/2/97751%2Fv1%2Fcontent%2F24303874v1_fig3.tif/full/max/0/default.jpg)
Independent effects of specific antimicrobial exposures on relative abundance of selected AMR genes in A) cross-sectional, and B) longitudinal multivariable analyses.
Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Non-antimicrobial covariates are not shown but were included in the model and can be found in supplementary data. Estimates represent the impact of prolonged use, when exposure ≈ 1 (approximately 42 days, see Supplementary Figure 2).