Serum uric acid-lowering effect of butyrate in old or aged mice.
(a) The serum uric acid concentrations in Old+PBS and Old+Butyrate, Aged+PBS and Aged+Butyrate (n=6).
(b-d) The activity of uric acid-producing enzymes of liver in the old or aged control group and the old or aged group supplemented with butyrate (n=6), including ADA (b), GDA (c) and XOD (d).
(e) The activity of XOD of kidney in the Old or Aged control group and the old or aged group supplemented with butyrate (n=6).
(f) Relative kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression in the indicated groups by qPCR (n = 6).
(g and h) Relative renal genes for uric acid reabsorption expression in the indicated groups by qPCR (n = 6), including URAT1 (g) and GLUT9 (h).
(i-k) Relative renal genes for uric acid excretion expression in the indicated groups by qPCR (n = 6), including OAT1 (i), OAT3 (j) and ABCG2 (k).
(l) Relative colonic genes for uric acid expression in the indicated groups by qPCR, including ABCG2 (n = 6).
Values are presented as the mean ± SEM. Differences were assessed by t-test or One-Way ANOVA and denoted as follows: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, “ns” indicates no significant difference between groups.