(A) Detection of NaD1 binding to cellular lipids by protein-lipid overlay assay. Blots are representative of at least two independent experiments for each strip. (B) Binding of NaD1 to PIP2-containin…
Quantitation by densitometry of the relative binding of NaD1 to lipids (normalized to PtdIns(4,5)P2 in A and B, sulfatide in C) on a (A) Membrane Lipid Strip, (B) PIP Strip, and (C) SphingoStrip. …
(A) Two orthogonal views of a cartoon representation of the NaD1:PIP2 oligomer comprising 14 NaD1 monomers (shown as ribbons) and 14 PIP2 molecules (shown as green sticks). The surface of the NaD1 …
In all panels, hydrogen bonds and salt bridges are shown as black dotted lines. (A) View of the interface of two NaD1 monomers revealing the hydrogen bonding pattern, with monomer I shown in cyan …
(A) Surface view in two orientations of a NaD1 dimer (monomer I in cyan and monomer II in magenta) with two bound PIP2 molecules (yellow and green). (B) The same as in A except that the surface …
(A) Ability of NaD1 to form multimers in the presence of PIP2 as determined by protein–protein cross-linking with BS3 followed by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. (B) TEM of NaD1:PIP2 …
(A) Schematic representation of residues from neighboring NaD1 monomers involved in binding two PIP2 molecules. Ability of rNaD1, rNaD1(R40E), and rNaD1(I37F) to (B) bind cellular lipids by …
Quantitation by densitometry of the relative binding (normalized to PtdIns(4,5)P2) of (A) rNaD1, (B) rNaD1(I37F), and (C) rNaD1(R40E) to lipids on PIP Strips. Data shown as mean ± SD (n = 2) for A …
(A) Forward scatter, side scatter, and PI uptake analysis of U937 cells treated with NaD1. (B) Binding of FITC-dextran and (C) LDH release by NaD1-treated U937 cells. Error bars in C indicate SEM (n …
Ability of NaD1 (0.5–20 μM) to mediate the release of ATP from U937 cells was examined using the ATP bioluminescence assay. The energy-dependency of the light-emitting luciferase-catalyzed oxidation …
Ability of NaD1R&A to permeabilize U937 cells was investigated using the (A) PI uptake, (B) LDH release, and (C) ATP bioluminescence assays, with native NaD1 being included as a positive control. …
MTT cell viability assays were performed on the indicated cell lines. The IC50 values are shown as mean ± SD (n≥ 2).
(A) CLSM of PKH67-stained NaD1 (10 μM) permeabilized HeLa and U937 cells. (B) CLSM of U937 cells treated with NaD1 (20 μM) in the presence of PI and 4 kDa FITC-dextran. Arrows indicate entry of PI. …
Live confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of NaD1-treated U937 cells in the presence of PI. Cells were imaged over a period of 40 min, with NaD1 (10 μM) being added at 7 min.
Live CLSM of PC3 cells treated with NaD1 in the presence of PI and 4 kDa FITC-dextran. Cells were imaged over a period of 10 min (5 s/frame), with NaD1 (20 μM), and 4 kDa FITC-dextran (100 μg/ml) …
(A) Detection of BODIPY-NaD1 binding to viable and permeabilized U937 cells by flow cytometry. (B) CLSM of subcellular localization of BODIPY-NaD1 (10 μM) on permeabilized U937, PC3, and HeLa cells. …
(A) CLSM of NaD1 (10 μM) treated HeLa cells expressing GFP-PH(PLCδ). Scale bars represent 10 μm. (B) The average length of time taken for NaD1 (10 μM) to permeabilize (PI-positive) …
Ability of rNaD1, rNaD1(R40E) and rNaD1(I37F) to permeabilize U937 cells as assessed by (A) PI uptake, (B) LDH release, and (C) FITC-dextran binding assays. Error bars in A and B indicate SEM (n = …
Cut-away of PIP2 bound in the NaD1 cationic grip. NaD1 dimer surface is shown in gray, PIP2 in green and select NaD1 residues are shown as stick representation. NaD1 monomeric chains are colored in …
Schematic representation of NaD1-induced membrane blebbing and permeabilization. The assembly of NaD1:PIP2 oligomer can potentially be formed by (i) sequential recruitment of a NaD1 monomer followed …
Live CLSM of PKH67-stained HeLa cells in the presence of PI. Cells were imaged over a period of 10 min (5 s/frame), with NaD1 (10 μM) being added to cells at 1 min.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of CLSM images of a NaD1-treated (10 μM) PKH67-/PI-stained U937 cell.
Live CLSM of U937 cells treated with NaD1 in the presence of PI and 4 kDa FITC-dextran. Cells were imaged over a period of 10 min (5 s/frame), with NaD1 (20 μM) and 4 kDa FITC-dextran (100 μg/ml) …
Three-dimensional reconstruction of CLSM images of BODIPY-NaD1-treated (10 μM) PI-stained PC3 cells.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of CLSM images of BODIPY-NaD1-treated (10 μM) PI-stained HeLa cells.
Live CLSM of GFP-PH(PLCδ) transfected HeLa cells treated with NaD1 in the presence of PI. Cells were imaged over a period of 15 min (5 s/frame), with NaD1 (10 μM) being added to cells at 30 s.
Live CLSM of free GFP transfected HeLa cells treated with NaD1 in the presence of PI. Cells were imaged over a period of 20 min (5 s/frame), with NaD1 (10 μM) being added to cells at 30 s.
Data collection and refinement statistics
NaD1:PIP2 native | |
---|---|
Data collection | |
Space group | C2221 |
Cell dimensions | |
a, b, c (Å) | 79.64, 132.04, 153.01 |
α, β, γ (°) | 90.00, 90.00, 90.00 |
Wavelength (Å) | 0.9537 |
Resolution (Å)* | 40.84–1.6 (1.69–1.60) |
Rsym or Rmerge* | 0.092 (0.617) |
I/σI* | 11.6 (2.2) |
Completeness (%)* | 99.7 (94.7) |
Redundancy* | 6.7 (5.4) |
Refinement | |
Resolution (Å) | 40.37–1.6 |
No. reflections | 105745 |
Rwork/Rfree | 0.155/0.184 |
No. atoms | |
Protein | 10326 |
Ligand/ion | 845 |
Water | 816 |
B-factors | |
Protein | 21.5 |
Ligand/ion | 28.9 |
Water | 31.2 |
R.m.s. deviations | |
Bond lengths (Å) | 0.010 |
Bond angles (°) | 1.651 |
Values in parentheses are for highest resolution shell.