A suppression hierarchy among competing motor programs drives sequential grooming in Drosophila
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
Figures
Figure 1 with 6 supplements
Wild-type flies clean different areas of the body sequentially.
(A) Diagram of body parts cleaned by front leg (red hues) or hind leg (green hues) movements. (B–D) Dust distribution measurements of the bodies of flies that were coated in yellow dust and allowed …
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Grooming apparatus for dusting, recording, and observing flies.
(A) Mesh-covered chambers allow free dust to exit while preventing flies from escaping. Connector side shown with some wells closed using slider gates. (B) Sliders gate the chambers for transferring …
Figure 1—figure supplement 2
Strategies for quantifying dust on the body surface.
(A) Examples of dusted flies that were allowed to groom for 1 min before their heads were dissected and imaged (showing 6 of 31 total images for this time point). (B) Each image was manually warped …
Figure 1—figure supplement 3
Wild-type flies remove dust from body parts at different rates.
Data shown here is compiled and plotted in Figure 1D. (A) Average dust patterns of the body parts of Canton S flies at different time points after dusting. Masks used for defining regions of the …
Figure 1—figure supplement 4
Sequential cleaning of the head, abdomen, and wings requires dust.
(A and B) Cleaning movement ethograms of individual Canton S flies in response to being shaken without (A) and with (B) dust (n = 6 flies for each condition). (C) Table of the time to the first …
Figure 1—figure supplement 5
Transitions among cleaning movements of dusted wild-type flies.
Canton S flies were shaken with dust. (A and B) The number of first order transitions between movements (A) and the transition probabilities are shown (B). Data were collected from 25 min of …
Figure 1—figure supplement 6
Transitions among cleaning movements performed by dusted wild-type flies over a time course.
Diagrams are generated from manually scored video in 5-min bins, over a 25-min time course (n = 6 flies). The radii of the nodes are proportional to the log of the average fraction of total cleaning …
Figure 2 with 2 supplements
Activation of UAS-dTrpA1 in different GAL4 lines is sufficient to activate discrete cleaning movements in the absence of dust.
Cleaning movement activation phenotypes driven by 12 GAL4 lines expressing UAS-dTrpA1. Flies (including controls) were warmed to 30°C to activate the targeted neurons while their cleaning movements …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
GAL4 lines expressing UAS-dTrpA1 have different activated cleaning phenotypes at high temperature.
GAL4 lines expressing UAS-dTrpA1 were recorded when the heated plate reached 21°C, 30°C, and then back to 21°C for 2 min. Their cleaning movements were manually scored (10 flies/GAL4 line; 130 flies …
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
Anatomy of GAL4 lines used to activate distinct cleaning movements.
Expression patterns of the brains and ventral nerve cords of GAL4 lines expressing a green fluorescent protein reporter (20xUAS-mCD8::GFP (JFRC7)). Maximum projections of confocal images are shown. …
Figure 3 with 3 supplements
Hierarchical suppression and dust stimulus drive cleaning movement selection.
Cleaning of specific body parts was artificially activated while flies were dusted to stimulate competition between their cleaning movements. Flies were pre-warmed at 30°C such that the …
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Dust patterns resulting from coating flies in dust and artificially activating specific cleaning movements.
(A) Dust patterns of UAS-dTrpA1-activated cleaning lines 25 min after dusting (described in Figure 3). Average dust patterns are displayed as previously described in Figure 1B. (B) Distribution …
Figure 3—figure supplement 2
Behaviors of flies that were coated in dust while specific cleaning movements were artificially activated.
Flies were pre-warmed at 30°C such that the dTrpA1-activated cleaning movement was being performed at the time of dusting. They were shaken with or without dust and allowed to groom while their …
Figure 3—figure supplement 3
Triggering of cleaning movements is dust dependent.
This experiment was designed to test between two possible mechanisms for the sequential induction of cleaning movements. One possibility is that activation of a preceding cleaning movement and its …
Figure 4
Model of hierarchical suppression results in the sequential progression of grooming.
(A) The dust induced grooming sequence requires three layers: (1) the sensory layer detects dust and independently activates each cleaning module. This is shown as parallel excitatory arrows from …
Figure 5
Hierarchical suppression mediates the cyclic transitions between cleaning modules.
Leg rubbing was simulated in the grooming model based on two features. (1) The legs accumulate dust as they remove it from the body parts. Leg rubbing is subsequently executed to remove that dust. …
Videos
Video 1
Cleaning movements of a wild-type fly after being coated in dust.
This video is related to Figure 1.
Video 2
Activated eye and head cleaning (R23A07-GAL4 / UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. Displayed minor walking defect that was unrelated to the cleaning phenotype.
Video 3
Activated whole head cleaning (R40F04-GAL4/UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. No other overt phenotypes were observed.
Video 4
Activated antennal cleaning (R26B12-GAL4/UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. No other overt phenotypes were observed.
Video 5
Activated abdominal cleaning (R24B03-GAL4/UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. No other overt phenotypes were observed.
Video 6
Activated wing cleaning (R53A06-GAL4/UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. No other overt phenotypes were observed.
Video 7
Activated posterior body cleaning (R45G01-GAL4/UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. No other overt phenotypes were observed.
Video 8
Activated leg rubbing (R17F11-GAL4/UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. No other overt phenotypes were observed.
Video 9
Control for activation experiment (Control/UAS-dTrpA1).
This video is related to Figure 2. Activated at 30°C. No phenotypes were observed.
Additional files
-
Supplementary file 1
This file contains design plans for the grooming chambers used in this study (shown in Figure 1—figure supplement 1).
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02951.028
-
Source code 1
This Matlab code was used to display the average projections of dust patterns on the different body parts (shown in Figure 1—figure supplement 2C). Groomogram code works by averaging the grayscale values from multiple images of the same size for each pixel coordinate.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02951.029
-
Source code 2
This code for Matlab will simulate dust-induced fly grooming behavior. Simulations are shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5C,D.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02951.030
