High cognitive violation of expectations is compromised in cerebellar ataxia
- Center for Accessible Neuropsychology and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Gray Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
- Department of Psychology and Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
Figures
Figure 1
Experiment 1 – Subtraction verification task.
Figure 2
Results of Experiment 1.
(A) Response times (RTs) as a function of group (neurotypical. NT/cerebellar ataxia, CA), expectancy (unexpected/expected), and complexity (high/low). (B) The expectancy effect (RT(unexpected) minus RT(expected)) for each group. (C) The complexity effect (RT(high) minus RT(low)) for each group. Each data point is a participant. Error bars = SEM. * indicates p=0.009. n.s=not significant.
Figure 3
Experiment 2 – Alphabet transformation task.
Figure 4
Results of Experiment 2.
(A) Response times (RTs) as a function of group (neurotypical, NT/cerebellar ataxia, CA), expectancy (unexpected/expected), and complexity (high/low). (B) The expectancy effect (RT(unexpected) minus T(expected)) for each group. (C) The complexity effect (RT(high) minus RT(low)) for each group. Each datapoint is a participant. Error bars = SEM. * indicates p<0.0001. n.s=not significant.
Figure 5
Results of Experiment 3.
(A) Accuracy as a function of group (neurotypical, NT/cerebellar ataxia, CA), expectancy (expected/unexpected), and similarity (high/low). (B) Sensitivity (d’) as a function of group for each level of similarity (high/low). Each datapoint is a participant. Error bars = SEM. * indicates p<0.0001. n.s=not significant.
Figure 6
The finite-state Markovian rule system used in Experiment 3.
S1-S5 indicate the states that occur during the generation of grammatical letter strings. Letter strings are formed by starting at one entry and then by navigating from one transition to another, with each transition being able to generate a letter. A letter string terminates when an exit is reached.
Tables
Table 1
Demographic and medical summary table of the cerebellar ataxia (CA) and neurotypical (NT) groups in each experiment.
Mean ± SEM.
| Group | Years of education | # Of females | Age | MoCA | SARA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experiment 1 | |||||
| NT | 16.6±0.8 | 10 | 58.0±1.70 | ||
| CA | 16±0.7 | 13 | 60.6±3.12 | 27.9±0.47 | 13.6±1.4 |
| Experiment 2 | |||||
| NT | 16.7±0.8 | 11 | 57.4±2.62 | 27.1±0.78 | NA |
| CA | 16.8±0.7 | 12 | 57.1±2.31 | 26.4±0.81 | 12.2±1.4 |
| Experiment 3 | |||||
| NT | 16.1±0.7 | 11 | 57.9±2.43 | 27.3±0.84 | NA |
| CA | 15.8±0.6 | 10 | 58.1±2.10 | 26.2±1.36 | 14.2±1.3 |
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High cognitive violation of expectations is compromised in cerebellar ataxia
eLife 14:RP105864.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.105864.3
