Dissociable neural substrates of integration and segregation in exogenous attention
- Department of Psychology, Soochow University, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
- School of Psychology, Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
Figures
Figure 1
Experimental materials.
(A) Trial sequence and display sizes. Each trial started with a 150 ms non-informative cue presented at one of the two peripheral boxes. After a 150 ms interstimulus interval (ISI), a 150 ms fixation cue was presented at the central fixation box. Following a further 450 ms ISI, the target, a colored Chinese character, appeared at one of the two target locations with equal probabilities and remained on the screen for 450 ms. The trial ended with a variable intertrial interval (ITI) of 850, 1050, 1250, or 1450 ms (with equal probabilities). (B) The character-color combinations in the three congruency conditions. In the neutral condition (first row), the characters were not color-related. In the other conditions, the characters were color names (translation added for illustration purposes). S-R mapping = stimulus-response mapping; NE = neutral; SI = semantically incongruent; RI = response-incongruent.
Figure 2
Behavioral results.
Mean reaction times (A) and accuracies (B) as a function of cue validity and congruency. NE = neutral; SI = semantically incongruent; RI = response-incongruent. Error bars extend to one standard error of the mean (SEM), N = 29.
Figure 3
Inhibition of return (IOR) effect in the neutral condition and parameter estimation.
(A) Brain regions showing significant activations in the contrast between the cued-neutral (NE) and uncued-NE conditions, with a threshold of p<0.005 (uncorrected) with a minimum cluster size of 540 mm3 (20 voxels), yielding a corrected p<0.05 based on 2500 Monte Carlo simulations in BrainVoyager. Warm colors represent stronger activations in the cued condition, and cold colors represent stronger activations in the uncued condition. (B) Parameter estimates for each activation region. Error bars extend to 1 SEM (N = 29). L = left; R = right. ***p<0.001.
Figure 4
Effect of inhibition of return (IOR) in semantic conflict and response conflict.
(A) Regions showing the IOR modulation of semantic conflict, defined as (cued-SI – cued-NE) > (uncued-SI – uncued NE). (B) Regions showing the IOR modulation of response conflict, defined as (cued-RI – cued-SI) > (uncued-RI – uncued-SI). NE = neutral; SI = semantically incongruent; RI = response-incongruent. Parameter estimations were based on a threshold of p<0.005 (uncorrected), with a minimum cluster size of 540 mm3 (20 voxels), yielding a threshold of corrected p<0.05 based on 2500 Monte Carlo simulations in BrainVoyager. Error bars extend to 1 SEM (N = 29). **p<0.01, *p<0.05, n.s.=nonsignificant.
Appendix 1—figure 1
Simulation results of different stimulus sequences.
(A) Contrast detection efficiency for the effects of interest. (B) Hemodynamic response function (HRF) estimation efficiency for the hemodynamic response shape.
Appendix 1—figure 2
Global signal time series for runs excluded from further analysis.
Each panel shows the global signal time course of one run that had a global variance over the exclusion threshold (≥0.1%). Eight runs were excluded across Subjects 12 and 16 (Imaging Center for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University) and Subjects 14, 21, and 22 (Imaging Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University).
Tables
Table 1
Brain regions showing significant activation differences between the cued-neutral (NE) and uncued-NE conditions.
| Regions | Laterality | Cluster(voxels) | MNI coordinates peak | Tmax | Tmean | BA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | Z | ||||||
| Frontal eye field | L | 146 | –39 | –4 | 64 | 4.51 | 3.43 | 6 |
| R | 28 | 24 | –7 | 58 | 4.32 | 3.52 | 6 | |
| Intraparietal sulcus | L | 120 | –42 | –43 | 49 | 4.73 | 3.57 | 40 |
| R | 82 | 33 | –49 | 55 | 5.12 | 3.78 | 40 | |
| Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex | L | 36 | –9 | 14 | 46 | 5.05 | 3.46 | 32 |
| Temporoparietal junction | R | 75 | 54 | –55 | 7 | 4.23 | 3.45 | 39 |
| Parahippocampal gyrus | L | 22 | –24 | –7 | –20 | –4.11 | –3.46 | / |
| R | 44 | 39 | –34 | –8 | –5.44 | –3.83 | / | |
| Parahippocampal gyrus/superior temporal gyrus | L | 84 | –54 | –28 | 1 | –4.42 | –3.49 | 21 |
| Superior temporal gyrus | R | 32 | 63 | –13 | 7 | –4.22 | –3.48 | 22 |
-
MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute; BA = Brodmann area; L = left; R = right. ‘/’ indicates that no BA could be assigned.
Table 2
Brain regions showing a significant modulation effect of inhibition of return (IOR) on semantic conflict (cued-SI minus cued-NE >uncued SI minus uncued-NE) or response conflict (cued-RI minus cued-SI >uncued RI minus uncued-SI).
| Region | Laterality | Cluster(voxels) | MNI coordinates peak | Tmax | Tmean | BA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | ||||||
| Effect of IOR on semantic conflict | ||||||||
| Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex | R | 24 | 3 | 17 | 25 | –3.78 | –3.34 | 24 |
| Effect of IOR on response conflict | ||||||||
| Superior parietal cortex | R | 67 | 30 | –58 | 64 | –4.74 | –3.49 | 7 |
| Putamen | R | 31 | 33 | –7 | 1 | 4.91 | 3.80 | / |
-
MNI = Montreal Neurological Institute; BA = Brodmann area; R = right. ‘/’ indicates that no BA could be assigned.
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Dissociable neural substrates of integration and segregation in exogenous attention
eLife 15:RP109842.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.109842.3
