Probing the functional impact of sub-retinal prosthesis
- CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Hôpital Nord,Hôpital de la Timone, France
- CEA-LETI, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, France
- Inserm, UMRS-986, Institut de la vision, France
Figures
Figure 1
Experiment design.
(A) Schematic view of the experimental setup with the camera and the visual pathway from the retina to V1 activated with normal visual stimuli (left) or with sub-retinal electrical stimulation using …
Figure 2 with 1 supplement
Position.
The visual (A&E), retinal (C&G) and cortical (B,D&F,H) expected position and size of the MEA are compared to their corresponding visual stimuli. (A) Schematic view of the visual field showing the 20 …
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Raw maps.
Raw z-score maps without overlaid contours corresponding to a sample of figures presented in the manuscript (see subtitles). Colorbars are expressed both in z-score as well as in DI/I.
Figure 3
Size.
(A) V1 activation generated by visual stimuli of increasing size (value indicated above the maps). Center-of-mass: white circle; extent: white contour; equivalent ellipse orientation: white cross; …
Figure 4 with 2 supplements
Shape.
(A) Shape of cortical activations generated in 2 animals by SE (blue) and wMEA (red) stimulation at high current intensity (top) and their corresponding 20° visual stimulus (white, bottom). (B) …
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Model of retinal anisotropic activation.
Model of retinal anisotropic activation due to axons en passant for 3 different electrode sizes (rows in B&C). (A) Modeling steps used to compute the activation of axons en passant (see Materials and…
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Model of retino-cortical transformation.
To check whether retino-cortical transformation can introduce further bias to our predictions (Figure 4—figure supplement 1), we implemented a retino-cortical transformation based on the …
Figure 5
Intensity.
(A) V1 activation generated by visual stimuli of increasing luminance (value indicated above maps). Center-of-mass: white circle; extent: white contour; equivalent ellipse orientation and size of …
Figure 6
Focalization.
(A) SE activations generated by square pulses of different polarity (anodic first: blue; cathodic first: green) at 2 intensity levels (50 and 200 µA). Scale bar: 2 mm. (B) Effect of polarity and …
Figure 7 with 1 supplement
Impedance spectroscopy adaptation.
(A) Example of electrode-tissue interface filtering on pulse shape (at 500 mVpp) with (green) and without (blue) IS based adaptation. Top: injected pulse; bottom: pulse shape reaching the tissue. (B)…
Figure 7—figure supplement 1
Principle of IS adaptation.
(A) The stimuli processing platform’s architecture integrates an Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) recording module; an Identification Algorithm module fitting IS data to an Electronic Equivalent Circuit …
Figure 8
Differential effect of SE patterns.
Averaged cortical size and aspect ratio (± sem: black error bars) elicited by visual stimuli, by the wMEA and by the different SE stimulation patterns delivered at high intensity levels. Gray …
Author response image 1
Predictions of the distance between the center-of-mass (COM) and the geometrical center of electrical activations(normalized to implant size) as a function of the contribution of axons en passant and the distance to the optic disk (from the same model presented in Figure 4C).
Values >0 correspond to distances away from the BS, when compared to the geometrical center (<0 is towards the BS).
Author response image 2
V1 cortical activation measured with voltage sensitive dye imaging in non-human primate, elicited by local drifting gratings in awake (left) and anesthetized (right, midazolam) condition.
Red and white contours represent 75 and 50% of maximal activation; scale bar: 1 mm. Drowsy state of the animal (right) was induced by intranasal administration of 0.2 ml midazolam (7-chloro-imidazo, …
Author response image 3
(A) Simulated deformation of cortical activations (right) to circular retinal regions located at various eccentricities and angles (left), the center of the gray pattern corresponding to the optic …
Author response image 4
Correlation between DI/I and Z-score values.
(A) Histogram of highly significant*** r2 correlation coefficients between all pixels of Z-score vs DI/I maps (median r2= 0.81, N=9 rats, n=225 maps, all pval= 1.40e-45). (B) Representative examples …
