Neuronal sources of hedgehog modulate neurogenesis in the adult planarian brain
Abstract
The asexual freshwater planarian is a constitutive adult, whose central nervous system (CNS) is in a state of constant homeostatic neurogenesis. However, very little is known about the extrinsic signals that act on planarian stem cells to modulate rates of neurogenesis. We have identified two planarian homeobox transcription factors, Smed-nkx2.1 and Smed-arx, which are required for the maintenance of cholinergic, GABAergic, and octopaminergic neurons in the planarian CNS. These very same neurons also produce the planarian hedgehog ligand (Smed-hh), which appears to communicate with brain-adjacent stem cells to promote normal levels of neurogenesis. Planarian stem cells nearby the brain express core hh signal transduction genes, and consistent hh signaling levels are required to maintain normal production of neural progenitor cells and new mature cholinergic neurons, revealing an important mitogenic role for the planarian hh signaling molecule in the adult CNS.
Data availability
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Schmidtea mediterranea Transcriptome or Gene expressionPublicly available at the NCBI BioProject database (accession no: PRJNA276084 ).
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In silico lineage tracing through single cell transcriptomes identifies a neural stem cell population in planariansPublicly available at the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (accession no: GSE79866).
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2016-06354)
- Ko W Currie
- Alyssa M Molinaro
Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (IA-026)
- Bret J Pearson
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Copyright
© 2016, Currie et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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