(A) Mean blood p24 levels from three HIV-1–infected PBMC-NSG mice assessed at 0, 12, and 21 days PI. Error bars represent standard deviation. (B) IF of GALT from HIV-infected animal with highest … see more
Source data for Figure 1A.
(A) Representative images of uncleared (left) and cleared (right) lymphoid tissues from uninfected hu-mice. (B, C) Confocal images of cleared lymphoid tissues from uninfected (panel B) and … see more
(A) Timeline of immune cell reconstitution, HIV-1 infection, and tissue harvest from hu-mice. Top numbers depict days PI, bottom numbers show number of animals per timepoint. Single uninfected … see more
Source data for Figure 3C.
Source data for Figure 3D.
Source data for Figure 3E.
(A) Representative confocal slice of colon sample. Nuclei are white. 881 nuclei were manually counted. (B) Automated quantification of the image shown in panel A resulting in 842 nuclei. Low numbers … see more
(A) Representative confocal slice from 45 μm Z-stack depicting the distribution of human CD4+ T-cells (magenta), HIV-1 p24 (green), human CD8+ T-cells (red) and nuclei (blue) in colon at 12-days PI. … see more
Source data for Figure 4C.
Source data for Figure 4D.
Source data for Figure 4E.
(A, B) Montaged overview EM projection images (panel A) and zoomed tomographic slices (panel B) of HIV-1–infected colon crypts from hu-mice from early (5 days), peak (10–16 days), and late (>21 … see more
(A) Confocal IF images of cleared spleen showing human CD3+ T-cells (magenta), HIV-1 p24 (green), and nuclei (blue) from an uninfected (-HIV) or infected (+HIV) animal at 12-days PI. Yellow boxes … see more
Bright-field microscopy images (left panels) of sections of fixed spleen from wildtype, NSG, PBMC-NSG, and HIV-1–infected PBMC-NSG mice. White pulp and red pulp are lighter colored and dark red … see more
(A and B) EM projection images of HIV-1-infected cells from regions of spleen from an HIV-1-infected animal 12-days PI (top panels). Collagen fibrils (white arrows) and pools of virions (black … see more
(A) Densities localized to the base of budding virions. (B) Anti-VPS4A immuno-EM revealing localization patterns consistent with densities in panel A. (C) Tomographic slice of HIV-1–infected spleen … see more
(A) Representative tomographic slices of densities associated with budding virions (top), cytoplasmic pools near budding virions (middle), and cytoplasmic ribosomes. (B) Gallery of images with the … see more
The density and localization of human CD3+ T cells (green) are similar in both models (blue = DAPI nuclear stain).
Free virions are visible at similar levels and locations in both models (red arrows = pools of free virions).
Clearing caused drastic loss of ultrastructural detail, likely due to extraction of lipids from the tissue (Term. web = terminal web; ICS = intercellular space).
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360˚ rotation of a 45 μm thick Z-stack depicting the spatial distribution of human CD4+ T-cells (magenta), HIV-1 p24 (green), human CD8+ T-cells (red) and nuclei (blue) in colon at 12-days PI. … see more
Tomographic reconstruction of a volume of two consecutive 400 nm serial sections from colon of a PBMC-NSG animal 10-days PI (Figure 5C, upper right panel). A pool of virions resides in the center … see more
Tomographic reconstruction of a volume of two consecutive 400 nm serial sections of an HIV-1–infected cell from spleen of a PBMC-NSG animal 12-days PI. Virions are modeled as mature (green), … see more
Tomographic reconstruction of an accumulation of cytoplasmic densities associated with prolific virus release. Densities were present in cytoplasm immediately adjacent to a region of plasma membrane … see more