Purinergic regulation of vascular tone in the retrotrapezoid nucleus is specialized to support the drive to breathe

  1. Virginia E Hawkins
  2. Ana C Takakura
  3. Ashley Trinh
  4. Milene R Malheiros-Lima
  5. Colin M Cleary
  6. Ian C Wenker
  7. Todd Dubreuil
  8. Elliot M Rodriguez
  9. Mark T Nelson
  10. Thiago S Moreira  Is a corresponding author
  11. Daniel K Mulkey  Is a corresponding author
  1. University of Connecticut, United States
  2. University of São Paulo, Brazil
  3. University of Vermont, United States
  4. University of Manchester, United Kingdom
5 figures

Figures

CO2/H+-induced vasoconstriction of RTN arterioles is mediated by a purinergic dependent mechanism involving P2Y2/4 receptors.

(A) trace of an RTN arteriole diameter show that increasing CO2 in the perfusion media from 5% to 15% (balance air, in TTX) caused vasoconstriction under baseline conditions but not in PPADS (5 µM). …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25232.003
t-ACPD-mediated astrocyte activation has opposite effects on arteriole diameter in the RTN and cortex.

(A) diameter trace of an RTN arteriole show the response of an RTN arteriole to t-ACPD (50 µM) under baseline conditions and during P2-receptor blockade with PPADS (5 µM). (B) example RTN vessel …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25232.004
Cortical arterioles dilate in response to CO2/H+.

(A) diameter trace of a cortical arteriole with an example vessel image and fluorescence profile plots (B) show that exposure to CO2/H+ caused vasodilation under baseline conditions and this …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25232.005
Local constriction and dilation of RTN vessels reciprocally modulates the ventilatory response to CO2in vivo.

(A) end expiratory CO2 (EtCO2), arterial pressure (AP) and diaphragm EMG (DiaEMG) traces show that application of vasoconstrictors (phenylephrine, Phe, 1 µM or U46619, 1 µM) or a vasodilator (sodium …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25232.006
Purinergic signaling opposes CO2/H+-dilation of VMS pial vessels in vivo and contributes to the ventilatory response to CO2.

(A) summary data plotted as % change in RTN pial vessel diameter in response to an increase in end expiratory CO2 after VMS application of saline (100 nL; N = 5 animals) or PPADS (10 µM, 100 nL; N = …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25232.007

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