Palaeogenomes of Eurasian straight-tusked elephants challenge the current view of elephant evolution
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropolgy, Germany
- Harvard Medical School, United States
- University of Potsdam, Germany
- University of York, United Kingdom
- Danube Private University, Austria
- Basel University, Switzerland
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
- State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt with State Museum of Prehistory, Germany
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Netherlands
- Thüringisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie, Germany
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, United States
- University of California, United States
Figures
Figure 1
Palaeoloxodon antiquus, geographic range based on fossil finds (after Pushkina, 2007).
White dots indicate the locations of Weimar-Ehringsdorf and Neumark-Nord.
Figure 2 with 5 supplements
Phylogenetic trees relating the mitochondrial and nuclear sequences of P.antiquus (NN and WE) to other elephantids.
(A) Maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree resulting from a BEAST (Drummond et al., 2012) analysis of 35 complete mitochondrial genomes using 15,447 sites. Node bars and numbers show the 95% highest …
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Figure 2—source data 1
This spreadsheet contains summary statistics of all sequence data generated in this study, the sequences of PCR primers used for reconstructing mtDNA sequences of extant elephants, as well as amino acid racemization data on opercula of Bithynia tentaculata from Amersfoort.
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25413.005
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Sequence coverage of the NN and WE mitochondrial genomes.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25413.006
Figure 2—figure supplement 2
DNA fragment size distribution inferred from full-length mtDNA sequences.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25413.007
Figure 2—figure supplement 3
Frequency of C to T substitutions for each position in the sequence alignments.
(A) Substitution frequencies in mitochondrial alignments. Substitution frequencies are depressed in the Neumark-Nord libraries due treatment with uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG). (B) In nuclear …
Figure 2—figure supplement 4
Maximum likelihood tree from concatenated nuclear protein-coding sequences with bootstrap support values shown inside nodes.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.25413.009
Figure 2—figure supplement 5
Amino acid racemization data.
D/L values of Asx, Glx, Ala and Val for the free amino acid (FAA, panels on the left) and total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA, panels on the right) fraction of bleached Bithynia tentaculata opercula …
Figure 3
