A Short Report allows authors to publish the results of a small number of experiments, provided the conclusion is clear and justified, and the findings are novel and judged to be of high importance.
A comparison between hierarchical and flat models of decision-making refutes flat models because they lack flexibility and are not supported by behavioral and neural data.
Computational modeling of behavioral and neural data from monkeys points towards a flat decision-making process in which the brain considers all possible final outcomes simultaneously.
Activation of the same glutamate receptor in the lateral amygdala gives rise to distinct effects on specific versus indiscriminate fear by modulating intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity.
The sickle cell trait strongly protects against not only retinopathy-positive cerebral malaria but also retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria, providing evidence that malarial parasites also contribute to retinopathy-negative cerebral malaria and are not innocent bystanders.
DNA sequences from the Middle Pleistocene reveal that the extinct Eurasian straight-tusked elephants were closely related to today's African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Africa.
The structure of a human antibody in which the variable loops position a human protein LAIR1 for antigen recognition, reveals a novel and indirect mode of antibody function.
A novel ALS-associated variant in UBQLN4 impairs proteasome function and beta-catenin degradation to drive aberrant axon morphogenesis in motor neurons.
SNARE proteins are delivered as complexes already from the endoplasmic reticulum along the secretory pathway to the cell division plane to mediate the formation of the partitioning membrane by vesicle fusion.
A late Middle Pleistocene age for Homo naledi demonstrates a diversity of hominin species in Africa at this critical time in the archaeological record.
