Identification of highly-protective combinations of Plasmodium vivax recombinant proteins for vaccine development
Abstract
The study of antigenic targets of naturally-acquired immunity is essential to identify and prioritize antigens for further functional characterization. We measured total IgG antibodies to 38 P. vivax antigens, investigating their relationship with prospective risk of malaria in a cohort of 1-3 years old Papua New Guinean children. Using simulated annealing algorithms, the potential protective efficacy of antibodies to multiple antigen-combinations, and the antibody thresholds associated with protection were investigated for the first time. High antibody levels to multiple known and newly identified proteins were strongly associated with protection (IRR 0.44-0.74, P<0.001-0.041). Among five-antigen combinations with the strongest protective effect (>90%), EBP, DBPII, RBP1a, CyRPA, and PVX_081550 were most frequently identified; several of them requiring very low antibody levels to show a protective association. These data identify individual antigens that should be prioritized for further functional testing and establish a clear path to testing a multicomponent P. vivax vaccine.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
National Institutes of Health (U19AI089686)
- Ivo Mueller
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP26253026)
- Takafumi Tsuboi
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP15H05276)
- Takafumi Tsuboi
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP16K15266)
- Takafumi Tsuboi
National Health and Medical Research Council (Independent Research Institute Infrastructure Support Scheme)
- Ivo Mueller
University of Melbourne (Melbourne International Postgraduate Scholarship)
- Camila Tenorio França
University of Melbourne (Melbourne International Postgraduate Scholarship)
- Wen-Qiang He
Australian Research Council (Australian Research Council Future Fellowship)
- Wai-Hong Tham
National Health and Medical Research Council (Senior Research Fellowship 1043345)
- Ivo Mueller
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (Intramural Research Program)
- Rick M Fairhurst
National Institutes of Health (AI063135)
- Rick M Fairhurst
National Health and Medical Research Council (1021544)
- Ivo Mueller
National Health and Medical Research Council (1092789)
- Alan F Cowman
Malaria Elimination Science Alliance
- Ivo Mueller
Wellcome (98051)
- Julian C Rayner
Medical Research Council (MR/J002283/1)
- Julian C Rayner
Medical Research Council (MR/L012170/1)
- Julian C Rayner
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Health and Human Services, Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, nor the U.S. Government.
Reviewing Editor
- Urszula Krzych, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, United States
Ethics
Human subjects: Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Medical Research and Advisory Committee of the Ministry of Health in PNG (MRAC 05.19), and the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (HREC 07/07). Written informed consent was obtained from the parents or guardians of all children participating in the PNG cohort study prior to enrollment.
Version history
- Received: May 16, 2017
- Accepted: September 25, 2017
- Accepted Manuscript published: September 26, 2017 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: October 24, 2017 (version 2)
Copyright
This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
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Further reading
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Background:
Age is the most important risk factor for cancer, but aging rates are heterogeneous across individuals. We explored a new measure of aging-Phenotypic Age (PhenoAge)-in the risk prediction of site-specific and overall cancer.
Methods:
Using Cox regression models, we examined the association of Phenotypic Age Acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel) with cancer incidence by genetic risk group among 374,463 participants from the UK Biobank. We generated PhenoAge using chronological age and nine biomarkers, PhenoAgeAccel after subtracting the effect of chronological age by regression residual, and an incidence-weighted overall cancer polygenic risk score (CPRS) based on 20 cancer site-specific polygenic risk scores (PRSs).
Results:
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Conclusions:
Within and across genetic risk groups, older PhenoAge was consistently related to an increased risk of incident cancer with adjustment for chronological age and the aging process could be retarded by adherence to a healthy lifestyle.
Funding:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82230110, 82125033, 82388102 to GJ; 82273714 to MZ); and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220100 to MZ).
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Methods:
We investigated plasma omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs and their ratio in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a large prospective cohort, the UK Biobank. Of 85,425 participants who had complete information on circulating PUFAs, 6461 died during follow-up, including 2794 from cancer and 1668 from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Associations were estimated by multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for relevant risk factors.
Results:
Risk for all three mortality outcomes increased as the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs increased (all Ptrend <0.05). Comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles, individuals had 26% (95% CI, 15–38%) higher total mortality, 14% (95% CI, 0–31%) higher cancer mortality, and 31% (95% CI, 10–55%) higher CVD mortality. Moreover, omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in plasma were all inversely associated with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality, with omega-3 showing stronger effects.
Conclusions:
Using a population-based cohort in UK Biobank, our study revealed a strong association between the ratio of circulating omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs and the risk of all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality.
Funding:
Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institute of Health under the award number R35GM143060 (KY). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.