(A) Tissue stiffness of control (n = 8 donors, ●) and IPF (n = 10 donors, ■) lung tissue determined by micro-indentation atomic force microscopy (AFM). Data presented as mean stiffness of each donor … see more
Total collagen content of control (n = 15) and IPF lung tissue (n = 17) normalised by total protein. Bars are mean ±s.e.m. p=0.70 by Student's t-test (two-tailed).
(A–E) Expression of LOX, LOXL1, LOXL2, LOXL3 and LOXL4 was analysed in control (●) and IPF (■) lung tissue (n = 11 individual donors per group) using the ∆∆Ct method. Bars indicate geometric means. … see more
(A, B) Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2A and LH2B) expression was analysed in control (●) and IPF (■) lung tissue (n = 11 donors per group) using the ∆∆Ct method. Bars indicate geometric means. *p<0.05 by … see more
(A) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) height topography image of a collagen fibril and corresponding height topography long axis profile showing characteristic D-periodicity (~67 nm). (B) Force … see more
We utilised a long-term 3D in vitro model of lung fibrosis using primary human lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF treated with the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 cultured for up to 6 weeks. (A–C) … see more
(A) PXS-S2A inhibition curves against LOXL2 and LOXL3 (upper panel), LOX, LOXL1, LOXL4 (middle panel), and all LOX/LOXL enzymes (lower panel). Downward arrows in (A–E, G) identify … see more
Output graphs of raw data from parallel plate compression testing: (A) force vs time, (B) displacement vs time, and (C) force vs displacement for the control, BAPN, or PXS-S2A-treated cultures.
IPF fibroblasts were grown for 6 weeks in the 3D in vitro model of fibrosis with vehicle control, concentrations of PXS-S2A or 1 mM BAPN, as indicated. (A) Representative images of histological … see more
Rats received either empty vector control (AdDL) (n = 6) on Day 0 or adenoviral vector producing active TGF-β1 (AdTGF-β1) to induce progressive pulmonary fibrosis. AdTGF-β1 groups received either … see more
Peripheral lung fibroblasts from IPF patients (n = 3 donors) were used in the in vitro model of fibrosis. Either 1 mM BAPN, PXS-S3B (at the concentrations indicated) or vehicle control (0.1% DMSO) … see more
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