10 figures, 2 tables and 3 additional files

Figures

Endothelial-specific depletion of Foxo1 induced in adult male mice effectively reduces FoxO1 levels in skeletal muscle and adipose microvascular beds.

(A) PCR of genomic DNA from multiple organs of control (Cre-; Foxo1f/f) and EC-FoxO1 KD mice using primers for the floxed and deleted (E1∆E3) alleles. (B–C) Gene expression analysis of microvascular …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.003
Greater vascular density in visceral adipose tissue of normal chow-fed EC-FoxO1 KD mice.

(A) Pecam1 mRNA levels in various tissues of Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice after 16 weeks of normal chow (NC) diet (Control n = 6, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 5). (B) Representative confocal images of adipose …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.004
EC-Foxo1 depletion strongly induces vascular growth within adipose tissue in response to HF diet.

(A) Pecam1 mRNA levels in different adipose tissue depots of Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice after 16 weeks of high-fat (HF) diet (Control n = 5–7, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 7). (B) Gene expression analysis of …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.005
EC-Foxo1 depletion also favors microvascular expansion in skeletal muscle under HF diet feeding.

(A) Pecam1 mRNA levels in liver and skeletal of HF-fed Control (n = 5–6) and EC-FoxO1 KD (n = 6–7) mice. (B) Images of EDL muscle stained with Isolectin-FITC to identify capillaries (scale bar = 50 …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.006
Figure 5 with 2 supplements
EC-FoxO1 KD mice exhibit a healthier adipose tissue expansion in response to HF diet.

(A) Body weights during 16 weeks of HF feeding. (B) Summarized weight gain over the course of 0–14 weeks (Control n = 7, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 7). (C) Abdominal transverse micro-CT images of HF-fed …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.007
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Lower circulating and liver triglycerides in HF-fed EC-FoxO1 KD mice.

(A) Average weekly caloric intake of mice determined between diet weeks 4 to 11 from only single housed mice (Control n = 4, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 5). (B–C) Non-fasting serum levels of triglycerides (B) …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.008
Figure 5—figure supplement 2
EC-Foxo1 depletion has no impact on adipose mitochondrial content and respiration, or sensitivity to isoproterenol.

(A–B) Representative Western blot images (A) and quantitative analysis (B) of mitochondrial OXPHOS proteins in total homogenates from eWAT of HF-fed Control (n = 7) and EC-FoxO1 KD mice (n = 9). …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.009
Figure 6 with 2 supplements
EC-Foxo1 depletion improves glucose homeostasis in HF-fed mice.

(A–D) O2 consumption (A), CO2 production (B), Respiratory exchange ratio - RER (C) and daily activity (D) were measured during indirect calorimetry tests using a comprehensive laboratory animal …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.011
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
EC-Foxo1 depletion has no effect on muscle insulin sensitivity.

Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice fed NC or HF diet for 16 weeks were analyzed for muscle insulin sensitivity. Representative Western blot images (top) and quantitative analysis (bottom) of pSer473-Akt …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.012
Figure 6—figure supplement 2
EC-Foxo1 depletion does not affect glucose homeostasis in NC-fed mice.

Glucose metabolism was assessed in Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice after 16 weeks of NC diet. (A) Glucose tolerance of Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice was examined by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.013
FoxO1 is a critical regulator of glucose metabolism in EC.

(A, B, F) Gene expression analysis of EC fraction from adipose tissue from Control (n = 3–6) and EC-FoxO1 KD (n = 4–5) mice fed a HF diet for 7 weeks. (C–E) Increased glucose uptake (C) glucose …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.014
Figure 8 with 1 supplement
Pharmacological inhibition of FoxO1 in SMEC reproduces in vitro the endothelial phenotype observed with EC-Foxo1 depletion.

(A–B) Representative Western blot images (A) and quantitative analysis (B) of FoxO1 and β-actin levels in primary EC from skeletal muscle cultivated under low (5 mmol/L) or high (25 mmol/L) glucose …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.015
Figure 8—figure supplement 1
High-glucose conditions induce the expression of FoxO1 target genes.

(A–B) Gene expression analysis of cultured skeletal muscle ECs in low (5 mmol/L, n = 8) and high glucose (25 mmol/L, n = 8) conditions. Data in all panels are expressed as mean ± SEM; **p < 0.01, …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.016
EC-Foxo1,3 depletion increases vascular growth and upregulates endothelial glycolytic processes comparable to EC-Foxo1 depletion.

(A) PCR of genomic DNA from eWAT of Control (Foxo1,3f/f) and EC-FoxO1,3 KD mice using primers for the floxed and deleted alleles for each gene. (B) Foxo1 and Foxo3 mRNA levels in microvascular EC …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.017
Schematic depicting the influence of FoxO1 in controlling the response of ECs to a HF diet.

In wild-type mice, FoxO1 represses glycolysis, which prevents endothelial cell growth. This results in impaired angiogenesis during adipose tissue expansion as well as dysfunction of the adipose …

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.018

Tables

Table 1
Tissue weights of Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice after 16 weeks of HF diet
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.010
ControlEC-FoxO1 KD
Body weight (g)44 ± 1.138 ± 2.2
eWAT (g)1.8 ± 0.21.6 ± 0.6
rWAT (mg)881.7 ± 86.1579.8 ± 98.7*
Subcutaneous adipose (g)2.1 ± 0.31.3 ± 0.2*
BAT (mg)189.2 ± 21.2144.3 ± 14.8
Liver (g)1.5 ± 0.11.2 ± 0.1*
Heart (mg)135 ± 4.2126.6 ± 3.4
Gastrocnemius (mg)130.9 ± 4.3115.5 ± 4.4*
Soleus (mg)8.3 ± 0.58.0 ± 0.5
Tibialis anterior (mg)44.5 ± 1.542.6 ± 1.4
  1. eWAT: epididymal adipose tissue; rWAT: retroperitoneal adipose tissue; BAT: brown adipose tissue

    Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7 per group

  2. Significance was established using unpaired t-test

    *P < 0.05 vs Control group

Key resources table
Reagent type
(species) or
resource
DesignationSource or
reference
IdentifiersAdditional
information
Strain,
strain background
(M. musculus,
FVB/n)
Foxo1f/f
(FVB-Foxo1tm1Rdp)
From the
laboratory of Dr
Tara L. Haas
Generated by
crossing Foxo1,3,4f/f
mice (FVB background;
from the laboratory
of Dr. Ronald A.
DePinho)
with FVB/n mice.
Strain,
strain background
(M. musculus,
FVB/n)
Foxo1,3f/f
(FVB-Foxo1tm1Rdp;
Foxo3tm1Rdp)
From the laboratory
of Dr Tara L. Haas
Generated by
crossing Foxo1,3,4f/f
mice (FVB background;
from the laboratory of
Dr. Ronald A. DePinho)
with FVB/n mice.
Strain,
strain background
(M. musculus,
(C57BL/6 x CBA)F2)
Pdgfb-iCre
[B6-Tg(Pdgfb-icre
/ERT2)1Frut]
From the laboratory of
Dr. Marcus Fruttiger
The founder mouse was
a kind gift from
Dr. Marcus Fruttiger..
Strain,
strain background
(M. musculus,
FVB.B6)
Foxo1iEC-D
[FVB.B6-Tg
(Pdgfb-icre/ERT2)
1Frut; Foxo1tm1Rdp]
This paperMice were generated
by cross-breeding
Pdgfb-iCre with
Foxo1f/f mice,
followed by
backcrossing
offspring with
Foxo1f/f mice for
3 + generations
Strain,
strain background
(M. musculus,
FVB.B6)
Foxo1,3iEC-D
[FVB.B6-Tg
(Pdgfb-icre/ERT2)
1Frut; Foxo1tm1Rdp;
Foxo3tm1Rdp]
This paperMice were generated
by cross-breeding
Pdgfb-iCre with Foxo1,3f/f
mice, followed
by backcrossing
offspring with Foxo1,3f/f
mice for
3 + generations
Cell line
(primary
mouse adipose
derived
endothelial cells,
male)
Endothelial cell
fraction from
adipose tissue
This paperIsolated freshly for
each experiment
Cell line
(primary
mouse skeletal
muscle
endothelial cells,
male)
Cultured
microvascular
EC, SMEC
This paper
AntibodyBiotin Rat
Anti-Mouse CD31
BD Pharmingen553371Cell purification
AntibodyMitoProfile Total
OXPHOS
Rodent WB
Antibody Cocktail
Abcamab110413WB (1:500)
AntibodyMouse
Anti-β-actin
Santa Cruz
Biotechnology
sc-47778WB (1:5000)
AntibodyPeroxidase AffiniPure
Goat Anti-Mouse
Jackson
ImmunoResearch
115-035-003WB (1:10,000)
AntibodyPeroxidase AffiniPure
Goat Anti-Rabbit
Jackson
ImmunoResearch
111-035-003WB (1:10,000)
AntibodyPurified Rat Anti-Mouse
CD16/CD32
(Mouse BD Fc Block)
BD Pharmingen553141Cell purification
AntibodyPurified Rat
Anti-Mouse CD144
BD Pharmingen555289Cell purification
AntibodyRabbit
Anti-α/β-tubulin
Cell Signaling2148WB (1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit
Anti-Akt
Cell Signaling9272WB (1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit
Anti-HSL
Cell Signaling4107WB (1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit
Anti-Hexokinase
Cell Signaling2867TWB (1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit
Anti-PFKFB3
Cell Signaling13123SWB (1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit
Anti-phospho-Akt
(Ser473)
Cell Signaling4058WB (1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit
Anti- phospho-HSL
(Ser563)
Cell Signaling4139WB (1:1000)
Sequence-
based
reagent (oligonucleotide)
oFK1ckA:
GCT TAG AGC
AGA GAT GTT
CTC ACA TT
ThermoFisher
Scientific
NA
Sequence-
based
reagent (oligonucleotide)
oFK1ckB:
CCA GAG TCT
TTG TAT CAG
GA AAT AA
ThermoFisher
Scientific
NA
Sequence-
based
reagent (oligonucleotide)
oFK1ckC: CAA
GTC
CAT TAA TTC AGC
ACA TTG A
ThermoFisher
Scientific
NA
Sequence-
based
reagent (oligonucleotide)
oFK2ckA: ATT CCT
TTG GAA ATC
AAC AAA ACT
ThermoFisher
Scientific
NA
Sequence-based
reagent (oligonucleotide)
oFK2ckB: TGC TTT
GAT ACT ATT
CCA CAA ACCC
ThermoFisher
Scientific
NA
Sequence-
based
reagent (oligonucleotide)
oFK1ckC: AGA TTT
ATG TTC CCA CTT
GCT TCCT
ThermoFisher
Scientific
NA
Peptide,
recombinant
protein
Humalog
Insulin
LillyNA
Commercial
assay or kit
PureLink
Genomic DNA
Mini Kit
ThermoFisher ScientificK182001
Commercial
assay or kit
EnzyFluoTML-
lactate Assay Kit
BioAssay
Systems
EFLLC-100
Commercial
assay or kit
Glycerol
Assay Kit
Sigma-
Aldrich
MAK117
Commercial
assay or kit
Glucose (HK)
Assay
Sigma-
Aldrich
GAHK20
Commercial
assay or kit
Lactate-Glo
Assay
PromegaJ5021
Commercial
assay or kit
RNeasy Mini KitQiagen74106
Commercial
assay or kit
Triglyceride
Colorimetric
Assay kit
Cayman
Chemical
Company
10010303
Chemical
compound,
drug
AS1842856 FoxO1
inhibitor
EMD Millipore344355
Chemical
compound,
drug
IsoproterenolTocris1747
Chemical
compound, drug
TamoxifenSigmaT5648
Software,
algorithm
Image J Analysis
Software
National
Institutes of
Health
https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html
Software,
algorithm
GraphPad Prism
Version 6.07
GraphPad
Software Inc.
https://www.graphpad.com/scientific-software/prism/
Other11 kcal% fat w/
sucrose Surwit Diet
Research
Diets
D12329
Other58 kcal% fat w/sucrose Surwit DietResearch
Diets
D12331
OtherBODIPY
493/503
ThermoFisher
Scientific
D3922
OtherDynabeadsThermoFisher
Scientific
14311D
OtherFast TaqMan
Master Mix
ThermoFisher
Scientific
4444963
OtherM-MLV reverse
transcriptase
New England
Biolabs
M0253
OtherStreptavidin
Particles Plus -
DM
BD IMag557812
OtherRhodamine
labeled Griffonia
(Bandeiraea)
Simplicifolia lectin
VectorLabsRL1102
OtherQIAzol Lysis
Reagent
Qiagen79306
OtherSuperSignal
West Pico
ThermoFisher
Scientific
34080
OtherType I
collagenase
ThermoFisher
Scientific
17100–017
OtherType II
collagenase
ThermoFisher
Scientific
17101–005

Additional files

Supplementary file 1

Supplementary Table 1.

Tissue weights of Control and EC-FoxO1,3 KD mice after 14 weeks of HF diet

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.019
Supplementary file 2

TaqMan primer sets used in gene expression analysis

https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.020
Transparent reporting form
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.39780.021

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