(A) PCR of genomic DNA from multiple organs of control (Cre-; Foxo1f/f) and EC-FoxO1 KD mice using primers for the floxed and deleted (E1∆E3) alleles. (B–C) Gene expression analysis of microvascular …
(A) Pecam1 mRNA levels in various tissues of Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice after 16 weeks of normal chow (NC) diet (Control n = 6, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 5). (B) Representative confocal images of adipose …
(A) Pecam1 mRNA levels in different adipose tissue depots of Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice after 16 weeks of high-fat (HF) diet (Control n = 5–7, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 7). (B) Gene expression analysis of …
(A) Pecam1 mRNA levels in liver and skeletal of HF-fed Control (n = 5–6) and EC-FoxO1 KD (n = 6–7) mice. (B) Images of EDL muscle stained with Isolectin-FITC to identify capillaries (scale bar = 50 …
(A) Body weights during 16 weeks of HF feeding. (B) Summarized weight gain over the course of 0–14 weeks (Control n = 7, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 7). (C) Abdominal transverse micro-CT images of HF-fed …
(A) Average weekly caloric intake of mice determined between diet weeks 4 to 11 from only single housed mice (Control n = 4, EC-FoxO1 KD n = 5). (B–C) Non-fasting serum levels of triglycerides (B) …
(A–B) Representative Western blot images (A) and quantitative analysis (B) of mitochondrial OXPHOS proteins in total homogenates from eWAT of HF-fed Control (n = 7) and EC-FoxO1 KD mice (n = 9). …
(A–D) O2 consumption (A), CO2 production (B), Respiratory exchange ratio - RER (C) and daily activity (D) were measured during indirect calorimetry tests using a comprehensive laboratory animal …
Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice fed NC or HF diet for 16 weeks were analyzed for muscle insulin sensitivity. Representative Western blot images (top) and quantitative analysis (bottom) of pSer473-Akt …
Glucose metabolism was assessed in Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice after 16 weeks of NC diet. (A) Glucose tolerance of Control and EC-FoxO1 KD mice was examined by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance …
(A, B, F) Gene expression analysis of EC fraction from adipose tissue from Control (n = 3–6) and EC-FoxO1 KD (n = 4–5) mice fed a HF diet for 7 weeks. (C–E) Increased glucose uptake (C) glucose …
(A–B) Representative Western blot images (A) and quantitative analysis (B) of FoxO1 and β-actin levels in primary EC from skeletal muscle cultivated under low (5 mmol/L) or high (25 mmol/L) glucose …
(A–B) Gene expression analysis of cultured skeletal muscle ECs in low (5 mmol/L, n = 8) and high glucose (25 mmol/L, n = 8) conditions. Data in all panels are expressed as mean ± SEM; **p < 0.01, …
(A) PCR of genomic DNA from eWAT of Control (Foxo1,3f/f) and EC-FoxO1,3 KD mice using primers for the floxed and deleted alleles for each gene. (B) Foxo1 and Foxo3 mRNA levels in microvascular EC …
In wild-type mice, FoxO1 represses glycolysis, which prevents endothelial cell growth. This results in impaired angiogenesis during adipose tissue expansion as well as dysfunction of the adipose …
Control | EC-FoxO1 KD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (g) | 44 ± 1.1 | 38 ± 2.2 | ||
eWAT (g) | 1.8 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.6 | ||
rWAT (mg) | 881.7 ± 86.1 | 579.8 ± 98.7* | ||
Subcutaneous adipose (g) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.2* | ||
BAT (mg) | 189.2 ± 21.2 | 144.3 ± 14.8 | ||
Liver (g) | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1* | ||
Heart (mg) | 135 ± 4.2 | 126.6 ± 3.4 | ||
Gastrocnemius (mg) | 130.9 ± 4.3 | 115.5 ± 4.4* | ||
Soleus (mg) | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0.5 | ||
Tibialis anterior (mg) | 44.5 ± 1.5 | 42.6 ± 1.4 |
eWAT: epididymal adipose tissue; rWAT: retroperitoneal adipose tissue; BAT: brown adipose tissue
Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 7 per group
Significance was established using unpaired t-test
*P < 0.05 vs Control group
Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, FVB/n) | Foxo1f/f (FVB-Foxo1tm1Rdp) | From the laboratory of Dr Tara L. Haas | Generated by crossing Foxo1,3,4f/f mice (FVB background; from the laboratory of Dr. Ronald A. DePinho) with FVB/n mice. | |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, FVB/n) | Foxo1,3f/f (FVB-Foxo1tm1Rdp; Foxo3tm1Rdp) | From the laboratory of Dr Tara L. Haas | Generated by crossing Foxo1,3,4f/f mice (FVB background; from the laboratory of Dr. Ronald A. DePinho) with FVB/n mice. | |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, (C57BL/6 x CBA)F2) | Pdgfb-iCre [B6-Tg(Pdgfb-icre /ERT2)1Frut] | From the laboratory of Dr. Marcus Fruttiger | The founder mouse was a kind gift from Dr. Marcus Fruttiger.. | |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, FVB.B6) | Foxo1iEC-D [FVB.B6-Tg (Pdgfb-icre/ERT2) 1Frut; Foxo1tm1Rdp] | This paper | Mice were generated by cross-breeding Pdgfb-iCre with Foxo1f/f mice, followed by backcrossing offspring with Foxo1f/f mice for 3 + generations | |
Strain, strain background (M. musculus, FVB.B6) | Foxo1,3iEC-D [FVB.B6-Tg (Pdgfb-icre/ERT2) 1Frut; Foxo1tm1Rdp; Foxo3tm1Rdp] | This paper | Mice were generated by cross-breeding Pdgfb-iCre with Foxo1,3f/f mice, followed by backcrossing offspring with Foxo1,3f/f mice for 3 + generations | |
Cell line (primary mouse adipose derived endothelial cells, male) | Endothelial cell fraction from adipose tissue | This paper | Isolated freshly for each experiment | |
Cell line (primary mouse skeletal muscle endothelial cells, male) | Cultured microvascular EC, SMEC | This paper | ||
Antibody | Biotin Rat Anti-Mouse CD31 | BD Pharmingen | 553371 | Cell purification |
Antibody | MitoProfile Total OXPHOS Rodent WB Antibody Cocktail | Abcam | ab110413 | WB (1:500) |
Antibody | Mouse Anti-β-actin | Santa Cruz Biotechnology | sc-47778 | WB (1:5000) |
Antibody | Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse | Jackson ImmunoResearch | 115-035-003 | WB (1:10,000) |
Antibody | Peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit | Jackson ImmunoResearch | 111-035-003 | WB (1:10,000) |
Antibody | Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD16/CD32 (Mouse BD Fc Block) | BD Pharmingen | 553141 | Cell purification |
Antibody | Purified Rat Anti-Mouse CD144 | BD Pharmingen | 555289 | Cell purification |
Antibody | Rabbit Anti-α/β-tubulin | Cell Signaling | 2148 | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Rabbit Anti-Akt | Cell Signaling | 9272 | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Rabbit Anti-HSL | Cell Signaling | 4107 | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Rabbit Anti-Hexokinase | Cell Signaling | 2867T | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Rabbit Anti-PFKFB3 | Cell Signaling | 13123S | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Rabbit Anti-phospho-Akt (Ser473) | Cell Signaling | 4058 | WB (1:1000) |
Antibody | Rabbit Anti- phospho-HSL (Ser563) | Cell Signaling | 4139 | WB (1:1000) |
Sequence- based reagent (oligonucleotide) | oFK1ckA: GCT TAG AGC AGA GAT GTT CTC ACA TT | ThermoFisher Scientific | NA | |
Sequence- based reagent (oligonucleotide) | oFK1ckB: CCA GAG TCT TTG TAT CAG GA AAT AA | ThermoFisher Scientific | NA | |
Sequence- based reagent (oligonucleotide) | oFK1ckC: CAA GTC CAT TAA TTC AGC ACA TTG A | ThermoFisher Scientific | NA | |
Sequence- based reagent (oligonucleotide) | oFK2ckA: ATT CCT TTG GAA ATC AAC AAA ACT | ThermoFisher Scientific | NA | |
Sequence-based reagent (oligonucleotide) | oFK2ckB: TGC TTT GAT ACT ATT CCA CAA ACCC | ThermoFisher Scientific | NA | |
Sequence- based reagent (oligonucleotide) | oFK1ckC: AGA TTT ATG TTC CCA CTT GCT TCCT | ThermoFisher Scientific | NA | |
Peptide, recombinant protein | Humalog Insulin | Lilly | NA | |
Commercial assay or kit | PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kit | ThermoFisher Scientific | K182001 | |
Commercial assay or kit | EnzyFluoTML- lactate Assay Kit | BioAssay Systems | EFLLC-100 | |
Commercial assay or kit | Glycerol Assay Kit | Sigma- Aldrich | MAK117 | |
Commercial assay or kit | Glucose (HK) Assay | Sigma- Aldrich | GAHK20 | |
Commercial assay or kit | Lactate-Glo Assay | Promega | J5021 | |
Commercial assay or kit | RNeasy Mini Kit | Qiagen | 74106 | |
Commercial assay or kit | Triglyceride Colorimetric Assay kit | Cayman Chemical Company | 10010303 | |
Chemical compound, drug | AS1842856 FoxO1 inhibitor | EMD Millipore | 344355 | |
Chemical compound, drug | Isoproterenol | Tocris | 1747 | |
Chemical compound, drug | Tamoxifen | Sigma | T5648 | |
Software, algorithm | Image J Analysis Software | National Institutes of Health | https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html | |
Software, algorithm | GraphPad Prism Version 6.07 | GraphPad Software Inc. | https://www.graphpad.com/scientific-software/prism/ | |
Other | 11 kcal% fat w/ sucrose Surwit Diet | Research Diets | D12329 | |
Other | 58 kcal% fat w/sucrose Surwit Diet | Research Diets | D12331 | |
Other | BODIPY 493/503 | ThermoFisher Scientific | D3922 | |
Other | Dynabeads | ThermoFisher Scientific | 14311D | |
Other | Fast TaqMan Master Mix | ThermoFisher Scientific | 4444963 | |
Other | M-MLV reverse transcriptase | New England Biolabs | M0253 | |
Other | Streptavidin Particles Plus - DM | BD IMag | 557812 | |
Other | Rhodamine labeled Griffonia (Bandeiraea) Simplicifolia lectin | VectorLabs | RL1102 | |
Other | QIAzol Lysis Reagent | Qiagen | 79306 | |
Other | SuperSignal West Pico | ThermoFisher Scientific | 34080 | |
Other | Type I collagenase | ThermoFisher Scientific | 17100–017 | |
Other | Type II collagenase | ThermoFisher Scientific | 17101–005 |
Supplementary Table 1.
Tissue weights of Control and EC-FoxO1,3 KD mice after 14 weeks of HF diet
TaqMan primer sets used in gene expression analysis