Yap1 safeguards mouse embryonic stem cells from excessive apoptosis during differentiation
Abstract
Approximately 30% of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) die after exiting self-renewal, but regulators of this process are not well known. Yap1 is a Hippo pathway transcriptional effector that plays numerous roles in development and cancer. However, its functions in ESC differentiation remain poorly characterized. We first reveal that ESCs lacking Yap1 experience massive cell death upon the exit from self-renewal. We subsequently show that Yap1 contextually protects differentiating, but not self-renewing, ESC from hyperactivation of the apoptotic cascade. Mechanistically, Yap1 strongly activates anti-apoptotic genes via cis-regulatory elements while mildly suppressing pro-apoptotic genes, which moderates the level of mitochondrial priming that occurs during differentiation. Individually modulating the expression of single apoptosis-related genes targeted by Yap1 is sufficient to augment or hinder survival during differentiation. Our demonstration of the context-dependent pro-survival functions of Yap1 during ESC differentiation contributes to our understanding of the balance between survival and death during cell fate changes.
Data availability
Sequencing data have been deposited in GEO under accession code GSE112606.
-
Yap1 safeguards mouse embryonic stem cells from excessive apoptosis during differentiationNCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE112606.
-
Genome-wide association between YAP/TAZ/TEAD and AP-1 at enhancers drives oncogenic growth.NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE66081.
-
YAP1 Exerts Its Transcriptional Control via TEAD-Mediated Activation of Enhancers.NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE61852.
-
Superenhancer reprogramming drives a B-cell-epithelial transition and high-risk leukemia.NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE86897.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM112722)
- Jonghwan Kim
Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- Jonghwan Kim
National Science Foundation GRFP
- Lucy LeBlanc
Hamilton Seed Grant
- Lucy LeBlanc
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Reviewing Editor
- Marianne E Bronner, California Institute of Technology, United States
Publication history
- Received: July 17, 2018
- Accepted: December 17, 2018
- Accepted Manuscript published: December 18, 2018 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: December 27, 2018 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2018, LeBlanc et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
Metrics
-
- 3,644
- Page views
-
- 519
- Downloads
-
- 21
- Citations
Article citation count generated by polling the highest count across the following sources: Crossref, Scopus, PubMed Central.
Download links
Downloads (link to download the article as PDF)
Open citations (links to open the citations from this article in various online reference manager services)
Cite this article (links to download the citations from this article in formats compatible with various reference manager tools)
Further reading
-
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
The reasons for poor healing of pressure injuries are poorly understood. Vascular ulcers are worsened by extracellular release of hemoglobin, so we examined the impact of myoglobin (Mb) iron in murine muscle pressure injuries (mPI). Tests used Mb-knockout or treatment with deferoxamine iron chelator (DFO). Unlike acute injuries from cardiotoxin, mPI regenerated poorly with a lack of viable immune cells, persistence of dead tissue (necro-slough), and abnormal deposition of iron. However, Mb-knockout or DFO-treated mPI displayed a reversal of the pathology: decreased tissue death, decreased iron deposition, decrease in markers of oxidative damage, and higher numbers of intact immune cells. Subsequently, DFO treatment improved myofiber regeneration and morphology. We conclude that myoglobin iron contributes to tissue death in mPI. Remarkably, a large fraction of muscle death in untreated mPI occurred later than, and was preventable by, DFO treatment, even though treatment started 12 hr after pressure was removed. This demonstrates an opportunity for post-pressure prevention to salvage tissue viability.
-
- Developmental Biology
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) present in the bloodstream or other bodily fluids holds potential as a non-invasive diagnostic for early disease detection. However, it remains unclear what cfDNA markers might be produced in response to specific tissue-level events. Organoid systems present a tractable and efficient method for screening cfDNA markers. However, research investigating the release of cfDNA from organoids is limited. Here, we present a scalable method for high-throughput screening of cfDNA from cardiac organoids. We demonstrate that cfDNA is recoverable from cardiac organoids, and that cfDNA release is highest early in differentiation. Intriguingly, we observed that the fraction of cell-free mitochondrial DNA appeared to decrease as the organoids developed, suggesting a possible signature of cardiac organoid maturation, or other cardiac growth-related tissue-level events. We also observe alterations in the prevalence of specific genomic regions in cardiac organoid-derived cfDNA at different timepoints during growth. In addition, we identify cfDNA markers that were increased upon addition of cardiotoxic drugs, prior to the onset of tissue demise. Together, these results indicate that cardiac organoids may be a useful system towards the identification of candidate predictive cfDNA markers of cardiac tissue development and demise.