An afferent white matter pathway from the pulvinar to the amygdala facilitates fear recognition
- University of Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Australia
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Canada
Figures
Figure 1
Global and local probabilistic tractography reconstructions of the subcortical route to the amygdala.
Fibres reconstructed between the superior colliculus and the pulvinar are shown in (A) and between the pulvinar and amygdala in (B). Both (A) and the top row of (B) show 3D-renders of the major ROIs …
Figure 2
Relationship between behavioural performance and tractography.
(A) Histograms of scores (out of eight) for correctly recognising the emotional expression of angry, fearful, and sad faces from the Penn Recognition Test. Normal distribution function is plotted. (B…
Figure 3
Whole-brain fMRI activation for faces and shapes.
Face activation is shown by hot colours and shape activation is shown by cool colours. MNI coordinates are shown at the bottom. Labels indicate significant (p < 0.05, whole brain FWE) activation in …
Figure 4
Dynamic causal modelling model space and estimated probabilities.
(A) Diagram of the model space constructed for the fMRI activation to viewing faces. The top row shows various types of model designs in the Cortical family, and the bottom row shows model designs …
Figure 5
The strength of individual connections from the winning dynamic causal model.
Parameter estimates of the modulatory connection strength of the winning model. Dot plots of up to 234 participants are shown with horizontal lines for the mean and vertical lines for one standard …
Figure 6
The relationship between structural and effective connectivity for the subcortical route.
(A and B) show 3D renders of the ROIs used in the dynamic causal modelling stage. A = anterior, p = posterior, R = right, L = left. (A) 3D-rendered tracks generated by global tractography overlaid …
Appendix 1—figure 1
Participants with above or below threshold fMRI signal in all VOIs for inclusion into DCM stage.
Threshold was set at p<0.05 uncorrected, using the [Faces – Shapes] contrast. Each column is a participant (N = 622) and each row is a different region (SC = superior colliculus, PUL = pulvinar, AMG …
Author response image 1
Tables
Appendix 1—table 1
Global tractography fibre counts.
2 (pathway: SC-PUL, PUL-AMG)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Four outliers removed out of 622.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| * Pathway | (3,4) | 433.286 | 2.842 × 10−73* | 0.413 | ||||
| * Hemisphere | (3,4) | 7.583 | 0.006 * | 0.012 | ||||
| * Pathway × Hemisphere | (1,616) | 16.025 | 7.000 × 10−5* | 0.025 | ||||
| Left vs.Right SC-PUL | 617 | 1.013 | .311 | |||||
| * Left vs. Right PUL-AMG | 617 | −9.785 | 4.070 × 10−21* | |||||
| Pathway × Head Motion | (1,616) | 0.313 | .576 | 5.090 × 10-4 * | ||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,616) | 0.055 | .813 | 9.100 × 10-5 * | ||||
| Pathway × Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,616) | 0.332 | .710 | 2.250 × 10-4 * | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | * Pathway | (1,620) | 32.416 | 2.194 × 10−8* | .049 | |||
| * Hemisphere | (1,620) | 9.175 | .003 * | .015 | ||||
| * Pathway × Hemisphere | (1,620) | 5.807 | .016 * | .009 | ||||
| Left vs. Right SC-PUL | 621 | 0.654 | .514 | |||||
| * Left vs. Right PUL-AMG | 621 | −8.904 | 5.906 × 10−18* | |||||
| Pathway × Head Motion | (1,620) | 0.030 | .863 | 4.800 × 10−5 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 1.155 | .283 | .002 | ||||
| Pathway × Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 0.332 | .565 | .001 | ||||
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*p <.05
Appendix 1—table 2
Local tractography fibre counts.
2 (pathway: SC-PUL, PUL-AMG)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Thirteen outliers removed out of 622.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| * Pathway | (1,607) | 69.586 | 4.930 × 10−16* | 0.103 | ||||
| Hemisphere | (1,607) | 1.387 | 0.239 | 0.002 | ||||
| * Pathway × Hemisphere | (1,607) | 162.48 | 3.828 × 10−33* | 0.211 | ||||
| * Left vs. Right SC-PUL | 608 | 10.749 | 8.596 × 10−25* | |||||
| * Left vs. Right PUL-AMG | 608 | −18.205 | 1.960 × 10−59* | |||||
| Pathway × Head Motion | (1,607) | 1.815 | .178 | .003 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,607) | 1.39 | .239 | .002 | ||||
| Pathway × Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,607) | 1.425 | .233 | .002 | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | * Pathway | (1,620) | 59.749 | 4.365 × 10−14* | .088 | |||
| Hemisphere | (1,620) | 0.757 | .385 | .001 | ||||
| * Pathway ×Hemisphere | (1,620) | 116.962 | 4.316 × 10−25* | .159 | ||||
| * Left vs. Right SC-PUL | 621 | 9.378 | 1.243 × 10−19* | |||||
| * Left vs. Right PUL-AMG | 621 | −17.515 | 4.068 × 10−56* | |||||
| Pathway × Head Motion | (1,620) | 1.222 | .269 | .002 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 1.511 | .219 | .002 | ||||
| Pathway × Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 0.617 | .433 | .001 | ||||
-
*p <.05
Appendix 1—table 3
Global tractography fibre counts (terminations in pulvinar subregions) for SC-PUL.
5 (cluster: inferior, medial, anterior, superior, lateral)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Ten outliers removed out of 622.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| Hemisphere | (1,610) | 3.817 | .051 | .090 | ||||
| * Cluster | (3,2060) | 214.015 | 1.584 × 10−133* | .260 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (3,2014) | 23.624 | 2.870 × 10−16* | .037 | ||||
| * Left: Inferior vs. Anterior | 611 | 4.820 | 1.815 × 10−6* | |||||
| * Left: Anterior vs. Medial | 611 | 2.754 | 0.006 * | |||||
| * Left: Medial vs. Lateral | 611 | 11.635 | 2.114 × 10−28* | |||||
| * Left: Lateral vs. Superior | 611 | 15.938 | 4.456 × 10−48* | |||||
| * Right:Anterior vs. Inferior | 611 | 4.228 | 2.715 × 10−5* | |||||
| * Right: Inferior vs. Lateral | 611 | 13.982 | 9.574 × 10−39* | |||||
| Right: Lateral vs. Medial | 611 | 2.045 | 0.041 | |||||
| * Right: Medial vs. Superior | 611 | 21.108 | 1.076 × 10−74* | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,610) | 0.620 | 0.431 | .001 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (3,2060) | 0.478 | 0.720 | .001 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (3,2014) | 0.306 | 0.840 | .001 | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | * Hemisphere | (1,620) | 5.749 | .017 * | .009 | |||
| * Cluster | (1,913) | 52.174 | 2.998 × 10−17* | .078 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (3,1743) | 16.591 | 4.129 × 10−10* | .026 | ||||
| * Left: Inferior vs. Anterior | 621 | 4.191 | 3.200 × 10-5 * | |||||
| Left: Anterior vs. Medial | 621 | 2.314 | .021 | |||||
| * Left: Medial vs. Lateral | 621 | 6.385 | 3.361 × 10-10 * | |||||
| * Left: Lateral vs. Superior | 621 | 14.235 | 5.357 × 10-40 * | |||||
| * Right: Anterior vs. Inferior | 621 | 3.695 | 2.390 × 10-5 * | |||||
| * Right: Inferior vs. Lateral | 621 | 7.619 | 9.590 × 10-14 * | |||||
| Right:Lateral vs. Medial | 621 | −0.187 | .852 | |||||
| * Right: Medial vs. Superior | 621 | 12.957 | 3.715 × 10-34 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 1.555 | .213 | .003 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (1,913) | 0.159 | .786 | 2.570 × 10−4 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (3,1743) | 0.706 | .539 | .001 | ||||
-
*p <.05 (for t-tests, only * if <0.05 Bonferroni corrected)
Appendix 1—table 4
Global tractography fibre counts (terminations in pulvinar subregions) for PUL-AMG.
5 (cluster: inferior, medial, anterior, superior, lateral)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Sixty-eight outliers removed out of 622.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| * Hemisphere | (1,552) | 22.147 | 3.197 × 10−6* | .039 | ||||
| * Cluster | (2,1139) | 354.261 | 2.662 × 10−123* | .391 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1135) | 15.334 | 1.946 × 10−7* | .027 | ||||
| * Left: Inferior vs. Medial | 533 | 24.849 | 4.248 × 10−92* | |||||
| * Left: Medial vs. Lateral | 533 | 4.209 | 2.998 × 10−5* | |||||
| Left: Lateral vs. Anterior | 533 | 2.458 | .014 | |||||
| * Left: Anterior vs. Superior | 533 | 4.665 | 3.868 × 10−6* | |||||
| * Right:Inferior vs. Lateral | 533 | 25.742 | 1.184 × 10−96* | |||||
| * Right: Lateral vs. Superior | 533 | 7.609 | 1.197 × 10−13* | |||||
| Right: Superior vs. Medial | 533 | 2.044 | .041 | |||||
| Right: Medial vs. Anterior | 533 | 4.133 | 4.141 × 10−5* | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,552) | 1.067 | .302 | .002 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1139) | 1.885 | .151 | .003 | ||||
| Hemisphere ×Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1135) | 0.601 | .553 | .001 | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | * Hemisphere | (1,620) | 33.464 | 1.152 × 10-8 * | .051 | |||
| * Cluster | (2,1153) | 320.406 | 3.145 × 10-105 * | .341 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1390) | 14.935 | 9.810 × 10-8 * | .024 | ||||
| * Left:Inferior vs. Anterior | 621 | 23.865 | 8.002 × 10-90 * | |||||
| Left: Anterior vs. Medial | 621 | 3.099 | .002 | |||||
| * Left: Medial vs. Lateral | 621 | 3.021 | .003 | |||||
| * Left:Lateral vs. Superior | 621 | 3.835 | 1.380 × 10-4 * | |||||
| * Right: Anterior vs. Inferior | 621 | 25.424 | 2.827 × 10-98 * | |||||
| * Right: Inferior vs. Lateral | 621 | 7.909 | 1.190 × 10-14 * | |||||
| Right: Lateral vs. Medial | 621 | 0.657 | .511 | |||||
| * Right: Medial vs. Superior | 621 | 3.925 | 9.600 × 10-5 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 0.278 | .598 | 4.490 × 10−4 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1153) | 1.134 | .319 | .002 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1390) | 0.512 | .620 | .001 | ||||
-
*p <.05 (for t-tests, only * if <0.05 Bonferroni corrected).
Appendix 1—table 5
Global tractography fibre counts (terminations in amygdala subregions) for PUL-AMG.
3 (cluster: centromedial, basolateral, superficial)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Sixteen outliers removed.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| Hemisphere | (1,604) | 1.419 | .234 | .002 | ||||
| * Cluster | (2,1161) | 80.779 | 1.909 × 10-32 * | .118 | ||||
| * Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1171) | 28.278 | 2.060 × 10-12 * | .045 | ||||
| * Left: Basolateral vs. Centromedial | 605 | 8.741 | 2.279 × 10-17 * | |||||
| * Left: Centromedial vs. Superficial | 605 | 5.354 | 1.222 × 10-7 * | |||||
| * Right: Basolateral vs. Superficial | 605 | 11.515 | 7.018 × 10-28 * | |||||
| * Right: Superficial vs. Centromedial | 605 | 10.700 | 1.376 × 10-24 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,604) | 0.586 | .444 | .695 × 10−4 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1161) | 0.892 | .407 | .001 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1171) | 0.261 | .764 | 4.315 × 10−4 | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | Hemisphere | (1,620) | 2.295 | .130 | .004 | |||
| * Cluster | (2,1212) | 79.253 | 2.017 × 10-32 * | .113 | ||||
| * Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1201) | 27.754 | 3.363 × 10-12 * | .043 | ||||
| * Left: Basolateral vs. Centromedial | 621 | 8.806 | 1.284 × 10-17 * | |||||
| * Left: Centromedial vs. Superficial | 621 | 5.119 | 4.098 × 10-7 * | |||||
| * Right: Basolateral vs. Superficial | 621 | 11.753 | 6.132 × 10-29 * | |||||
| * Right: Superficial vs. Centromedial | 621 | 10.027 | 4.961 × 10-22 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 0.014 | .907 | 2.200 × 10−4 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1212) | 0.515 | .593 | .001 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1201) | 0.164 | .842 | 2.650 × 10−4 | ||||
-
*p <.05 (for t-tests, only * if <0.05 Bonferroni corrected)
Appendix 1—table 6
Local tractography fibre counts (terminations in pulvinar subregions) for SC-PUL.
5 (cluster: inferior, medial, anterior, superior, lateral)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Sixty-seven outliers removed out of 622.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| * Hemisphere | (1,553) | 23.577 | 1.564 × 10-6 * | .041 | ||||
| * Cluster | (2,1010) | 873.922 | 6.337 × 10-209 * | .612 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1176) | 64.370 | 1.002 × 10-28 * | .104 | ||||
| * Left: Anterior vs. Inferior | 554 | 22.373 | 1.709 × 10-79 * | |||||
| * Left: Inferior vs. Medial | 554 | 9.742 | 8.353 × 10-21 * | |||||
| * Left:Medial vs. Lateral | 554 | 30.710 | 1.089 × 10-121 * | |||||
| *Left:Lateral vs. Superior | 554 | 16.514 | 4.103 × 10-50 * | |||||
| * Right:Anterior vs. Inferior | 554 | 39.241 | 4.436 × 10-162 * | |||||
| * Right: Inferior vs. Medial | 554 | 9.157 | 1.022 × 10-18 * | |||||
| * Right: Medial vs. Lateral | 554 | 25.287 | 2.203 × 10-94 * | |||||
| * Right:Lateral vs. Superior | 554 | 15.213 | 6.282 × 10-44 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,553) | 0.358 | 0.550 | .001 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1010) | 0.495 | 0.593 | .001 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1176) | 0.604 | 0.557 | .001 | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | * Hemisphere | (1,620) | 23.600 | 2.000 × 10-6 * | .037 | |||
| * Cluster | (2,1244) | 831.764 | 1.817 × 10-230 * | .573 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1354) | 69.262 | 1.107 × 10-31 * | .100 | ||||
| * Left: Anterior vs. Inferior | 621 | 22.745 | 9.069 × 10-84 * | |||||
| * Left:Inferior vs. Medial | 621 | 8.436 | 2.312 × 10-16 * | |||||
| * Left:Medial vs. Lateral | 621 | 29.562 | 1.448 × 10-120 * | |||||
| *Left:Lateral vs. Superior | 621 | 13.832 | 3.972 × 10-39 * | |||||
| * Right: Anterior vs. Inferior | 621 | 39.100 | 1.326 × 10-169 * | |||||
| * Right:Inferior vs. Medial | 621 | 7.436 | 3.463 × 10-13 * | |||||
| * Right:Medial vs. Lateral | 621 | 23.544 | 4.380 × 10-88 * | |||||
| * Right:Lateral vs. Superior | 621 | 12.964 | 3.461 × 10-34 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 0.161 | .688 | 2.60 × 10−4 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1244) | 0.830 | .437 | .001 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1354) | 1.023 | .365 | .002 | ||||
-
*p <.05 (for t-tests, only * if <0.05 Bonferroni corrected)
Appendix 1—table 7
Local tractography fibre counts (terminations in pulvinar subregions) for AMG-PUL.
5 (cluster: inferior, medial, anterior, superior, lateral)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Seventy-eight outliers removed out of 622.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| * Hemisphere | (1,542) | 108.301 | 3.019 × 10-23 * | .167 | ||||
| * Cluster | (1,544) | 2159.827 | 9.415 × 10-192 * | .799 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (1,544) | 105.772 | 7.093 × 10-23 * | .163 | ||||
| * Left: Inferior vs. Lateral | 543 | 57.694 | 8.996 × 10-234 * | |||||
| * Left: Lateral vs. Medial | 543 | 10.633 | 4.080 × 10-24 * | |||||
| * Left: Medial vs. Anterior | 543 | 12.744 | 9.913 × 10-33 * | |||||
| * Left: Anterior vs. Superior | 543 | 5.897 | 6.503 × 10-9 * | |||||
| * Right: Inferior vs. Lateral | 543 | 59.079 | 1.332 × 10-238 * | |||||
| * Right: Lateral vs. Superior | 543 | 27.277 | 7.886 × 10-104 * | |||||
| * Right: Superior vs. Anterior | 543 | 14.006 | 2.839 × 10-38 * | |||||
| Right: Anterior vs. Medial | 543 | 0.815 | .416 | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,542) | 4.749 | .030 * | 0.009 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (1,544) | 19.569 | 1.146 × 10-5 * | 0.035 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (1,544) | 4.689 | .031 * | 0.009 | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | * Hemisphere | (1,620) | 110.587 | 6.523 × 10-24 * | .151 | |||
| * Cluster | (1,622) | 2139.649 | 4.887 × 10-204 * | .775 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (1,624) | 107.010 | 2.219 × 10-23 * | .147 | ||||
| * Left: Inferior vs. Lateral | 621 | 57.120 | 2.174 × 10-249 * | |||||
| * Left: Lateral vs. Medial | 621 | 10.169 | 1.427 × 10-22 * | |||||
| * Left:Medial vs. Anterior | 621 | 10.609 | 2.812 × 10-24 * | |||||
| *Left: Anterior vs. Superior | 621 | 5.153 | 3.446 × 10-7 * | |||||
| * Right: Inferior vs. Lateral | 621 | 61.529 | 1.963 × 10-266 * | |||||
| * Right:Lateral vs. Superior | 621 | 24.241 | 7.327 × 10-92 * | |||||
| Right: Superior vs. Anterior | 621 | 10.891 | 2.122 × 10-25 * | |||||
| Right: Anterior vs. Medial | 621 | 0.227 | .821 | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 4.775 | .029 * | .147 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (1,622) | 19.739 | 1.000 × 10-5 * | .031 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (1,624) | 4.568 | .033 | .007 | ||||
-
*p <.05 (for t-tests, only * if <0.05 Bonferroni corrected)
Appendix 1—table 8
Local tractography fibre counts (terminations in amygdala subregions) for PUL-AMG.
3 (cluster: centromedial, basolateral, superficial)×2 (hemisphere: left, right) design. Thirty-seven outliers removed out of 622.
| Outliers removed | ANOVA main effects | t-tests for Simple Effects | ||||||
| Effect | Df | F | P | ηp2 | Df | T | P | |
| Hemisphere | (1,620) | 511.278 | 5.154 × 10-83 * | .452 | ||||
| * Cluster | (2,989) | 308.079 | 7.593 × 10-88 * | .332 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1201) | 27.754 | 3.363 × 10-12 * | .043 | ||||
| * Left: Basolateral vs. Centremedial | 621 | 10.374 | 2.323 × 10-23 * | |||||
| * Left: Centromedial vs. Superficial | 621 | 19.573 | 8.248 × 10-67 * | |||||
| * Right: Centromedial vs. Basolateral | 621 | 25.136 | 1.037 × 10-96 * | |||||
| * Right: Basolateral vs. Superficial | 621 | 27.037 | 5.308 × 10-107 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 296.624 | .015 * | .009 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,989) | 0.050 | 4.774 × 10−84 | .324 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1201) | 0.917 | .380 | .001 | ||||
| No Outliers Removed | Hemisphere | (1,620) | 511.278 | 5.154 × 10-83 * | .452 | |||
| * Cluster | (2,989) | 308.079 | 7.593 × 10-88 * | .332 | ||||
| *Hemisphere × Cluster | (2,1201) | 27.754 | 3.363 × 10-12 * | .043 | ||||
| * Left: Basolateral vs. Centremedial | 621 | 10.374 | 2.323 × 10-23 * | |||||
| * Left: Centromedial vs. Superficial | 621 | 19.573 | 8.248 × 10-67 * | |||||
| * Right: Centromedial vs. Basolateral | 621 | 25.136 | 1.037 × 10-96 * | |||||
| * Right: Basolateral vs. Superficial | 621 | 27.037 | 5.308 × 10-107 * | |||||
| Hemisphere × Head Motion | (1,620) | 296.624 | .015 * | .009 | ||||
| Cluster × Head Motion | (2,989) | 0.050 | 4.774 × 10−84 | .324 | ||||
| Hemisphere × Cluster × Head Motion | (2,1201) | 0.917 | .380 | .001 | ||||
-
*p <.05 (for t-tests, only * if <0.05 Bonferroni corrected)
Appendix 1—table 9
Paired t-tests between local streamline count and null distribution.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40766.019| Comparison | N | M | SEM | 95% | T | Df | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Left SC- PUL | 618 | 1384.876 | 16.704 | [1352.073, 1417.68] | 82.907 | 617 | <1 × 10-243 * |
| Right SC- PUL | 618 | −499.555 | 16.430 | [−531.821, –467.289] | −30.404 | 617 | 8.832 × 10-125 * |
| Left PUL- AMG | 618 | 351.669 | 8.535 | [334.908, 368.431] | 41.202 | 617 | 2.722 × 10-179 * |
| Right PUL-AMG | 620 | 577.535 | 10.385 | [557.142, 597.929] | 55.614 | 619 | 6.091 × 10-243 * |
-
*p <.05
Appendix 1—table 10
Global tractography multivariate GLM.
Fibre counts for left and right SC-PUL and PUL-AMG entered as dependent variables. Recognition scores (out of eight) for fearful, sad, and angry expressions entered as covariates of interest. Head …
| Outliers removed | Multivariate tests | ||||||
| Effect | Wilk’s Λ | Df | F | P | ηp2 | ||
| Fearful | .995 | (4, 609) | 0.715 | .582 | .005 | ||
| Sad | .994 | (4, 609) | 0.915 | .455 | .006 | ||
| Angry | .998 | (4, 609) | 0.294 | .882 | .002 | ||
| Head Motion | .999 | (4, 609) | 0.223 | .926 | .001 | ||
| Parameter estimates | |||||||
| Dependent variable | Parameter | B | T | P | ηp2 | 95% | |
| Left SC-PUL | Fearful | −0.350 | −1.583 | .114 | .004 | [−0.784, 0.084] | |
| Sad | −0.312 | −1.520 | .129 | .004 | [−0.715, 0.091] | ||
| Angry | −0.157 | −0.687 | .493 | .001 | [−0.607, 0.292] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.359 | −0.677 | .498 | .001 | [−1.401, 0.682] | ||
| Right SC-PUL | Fearful | −0.208 | −0.933 | .351 | .001 | [−0.645, 0.23] | |
| Sad | −0.042 | −0.202 | .840 | 6.700 × 10−5 | [−0.448, 0.364] | ||
| Angry | −0.046 | −0.197 | .844 | 6.400 × 10−5 | [−0.499, 0.408] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.268 | −0.501 | .616 | 4.110 × 10−4 | [−1.317, 0.781] | ||
| Left PUL-AMG | Fearful | −0.006 | −0.051 | .959 | 4.000 × 10−6 | [−0.225, 0.213] | |
| Sad | −0.010 | −0.099 | .921 | 1.600 × 10−5 | [−0.213, 0.193] | ||
| Angry | −0.024 | −0.205 | .837 | 6.900 × 10−5 | [−0.251, 0.203] | ||
| Head Motion | 0.103 | 0.386 | .700 | 2.430 × 10−4 | [−0.422, 0.628] | ||
| Left PUL-AMG | Fearful | −0.071 | −0.611 | .541 | .001 | [−0.297, 0.156] | |
| Sad | 0.101 | 0.941 | .347 | .001 | [−0.11, 0.311] | ||
| Angry | −0.101 | −0.846 | .398 | .001 | [−0.336, 0.134] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.103 | −0.373 | .709 | 2.280 × 10−4 | [−0.647, 0.44] | ||
| No Outliers Removed | Multivariate Tests | ||||||
| Effect | Wilk’s Λ | df | F | p | ηp2 | ||
| Fearful | .998 | (4,613) | 0.349 | .845 | .002 | ||
| Sad | .994 | (4,613) | 0.957 | .430 | .006 | ||
| Angry | .996 | (4,613) | 0.569 | .685 | .004 | ||
| Head Motion | .998 | (4,613) | 0.287 | .886 | .002 | ||
| Parameter Estimates | |||||||
| Dependent Variable | Parameter | B | t | p | ηp2 | 95% CI | |
| Left SC-PUL | Fearful | −0.794 | −0.809 | .419 | .001 | [−2.723, 1.134] | |
| Sad | 0.053 | 0.058 | .954 | 5.000 × 10−7 | [−1.736, 1.842] | ||
| Angry | 0.057 | 0.056 | .955 | 5.000 × 10−7 | [−1.938, 2.052] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.147 | −0.062 | .950 | 6.000 × 10−7 | [−4.763, 4.47] | ||
| Right SC-PUL | Fearful | −0.612 | −0.605 | .546 | .001 | [−2.597, 1.374] | |
| Sad | 0.482 | 0.514 | .607 | 4.290 × 10−4 | [−1.36, 2.325] | ||
| Angry | 0.314 | 0.3 | .764 | 1.460 × 10−4 | [−1.74, 2.369] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.703 | −0.29 | .772 | 1.370 × 10−4 | [−5.458, 4.052] | ||
| Left PUL-AMG | Fearful | −0.072 | −0.433 | .665 | 3.050 × 10−4 | [−0.4, 0.255] | |
| Sad | 0.018 | 0.117 | .907 | 2.200 × 10−5 | [−0.286, 0.322] | ||
| Angry | −0.109 | −0.631 | .529 | .001 | [−0.448, 0.23] | ||
| Head Motion | 0.191 | 0.479 | .632 | 3.720 × 10−4 | [−0.593, 0.976] | ||
| Left PUL-AMG | Fearful | −0.126 | −0.871 | .384 | .001 | [−0.41, 0.158] | |
| Sad | 0.12 | 0.894 | .372 | .001 | [−0.144, 0.384] | ||
| Angry | −0.135 | −0.905 | .366 | .001 | [−0.429, 0.158] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.012 | −0.033 | .973 | 2.000 × 10−6 | [−0.692, 0.669] | ||
Appendix 1—table 11
Local tractography multivariate GLM.
Average apparent fibre density for left and right SC-PUL and PUL-AMG entered as dependent variables. Recognition scores (out of eight) for fearful, sad, and angry expressions entered as covariates …
| Outliers removed | Multivariate tests | ||||||
| Effect | Wilk’s Λ | Df | F | P | ηp2 | ||
| * Fearful | .984 | (4,598) | 2.501 | .042 * | .016 | ||
| Sad | .991 | (4,598) | 1.363 | .245 | .009 | ||
| Angry | .993 | (4,598) | 1.111 | .350 | .007 | ||
| * Head Motion | .977 | (4,598) | 3.451 | .008 * | .023 | ||
| Parameter estimates | |||||||
| Dependent variable | Parameter | B | T | P | ηp2 | 95% | |
| Left SC-PUL | Fearful | 0 | −0.003 | 0.998 | 1.093 × 10−8 | [−0.163, 0.162] | |
| Sad | 0.084 | 1.099 | 0.272 | 0.002 | [−0.066, 0.235] | ||
| Angry | −0.078 | −0.901 | 0.368 | 0.001 | [−0.249, 0.093] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.135 | −0.681 | 0.496 | 0.001 | [−0.526, 0.255] | ||
| Right SC-PUL | Fearful | −0.046 | −0.645 | 0.519 | 0.001 | [−0.185, 0.094] | |
| Sad | −0.008 | −0.123 | 0.902 | 2.500 × 10−5 | [−0.137, 0.121] | ||
| Angry | 0.043 | 0.574 | 0.566 | 0.001 | [−0.104, 0.189] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.146 | −0.859 | 0.39 | 0.001 | [−0.48, 0.188] | ||
| Left PUL-AMG | *fearful | 0.14 | 2.887 | 0.004 * | 0.014 | [0.045, 0.235] | |
| Sad | −0.084 | −1.855 | 0.064 | 0.006 | [−0.172, 0.005] | ||
| Angry | −0.052 | −1.018 | 0.309 | 0.002 | [−0.152, 0.048] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.21 | −1.802 | 0.072 | 0.005 | [−0.438, 0.019] | ||
| Right PUL AMG | *fearful | 0.143 | 2.523 | 0.012 * | 0.010 | [0.032, 0.255] | |
| Sad | −0.042 | −0.787 | 0.431 | 0.001 | [−0.145, 0.062] | ||
| Angry | 0.041 | 0.686 | 0.493 | 0.001 | [−0.076, 0.158] | ||
| * Head Motion | −0.484 | −3.55 | 4.150 × 10−4 * | 0.021 | [−0.752,–0.216] | ||
| No Outliers Removed | Multivariate Tests | ||||||
| Effect | Wilk’s Λ | df | F | p | ηp2 | ||
| * Fearful | .983 | (4,613) | 2.669 | .031 * | .017 | ||
| Sad | .993 | (4,613) | 1.080 | .366 | .007 | ||
| Angry | .997 | (4,613) | 0.499 | .736 | .003 | ||
| * Head Motion | .982 | (4,613) | 2.792 | .026 * | .018 | ||
| Parameter Estimates | |||||||
| Dependent Variable | Parameter | B | t | p | ηp2 | 95% CI | |
| Left SC-PUL | Fearful | −0.006 | −0.051 | .960 | 4.000 × 10−6 | [−0.231, 0.22] | |
| Sad | 0.121 | 1.138 | .255 | .002 | [−0.088, 0.33] | ||
| Angry | −0.080 | −0.674 | .500 | .001 | [−0.313, 0.153] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.063 | −0.229 | .819 | 8.500 × 10−5 | [−0.602, 0.477] | ||
| Right SC-PUL | Fearful | −0.097 | −1.037 | .300 | .002 | [−0.28, 0.086] | |
| Sad | 0.017 | 0.197 | .844 | 6.300 × 10−5 | [−0.153, 0.187] | ||
| Angry | 0.023 | 0.233 | .816 | 8.800 × 10−5 | [−0.167, 0.212] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.165 | −0.738 | .461 | .001 | [−0.604, 0.274] | ||
| Left PUL-AMG | * Fearful | 0.137 | 2.650 | .008 * | .011 | [0.036, 0.239] | |
| Sad | −0.075 | −1.563 | .119 | .004 | [−0.17, 0.019] | ||
| Angry | −0.049 | −0.904 | .366 | .001 | [−0.154, 0.057] | ||
| Head Motion | −0.193 | −1.554 | .121 | .004 | [−0.437, 0.051] | ||
| Left PUL-AMG | * Fearful | 0.137 | 2.334 | .020 * | .009 | [0.022, 0.253] | |
| Sad | −0.053 | −0.976 | .330 | .002 | [−0.16, 0.054] | ||
| Angry | 0.001 | 0.019 | .985 | 6.126 × 10−7 | [−0.118, 0.121] | ||
| * Head Motion | −0.465 | −3.303 | .001 * | .017 | [−0.741,–0.189] | ||
Appendix 1—table 12
Partial correlations between fibre density of each pathway and the corresponding DCM parameter estimate.
Scatterplots show the fibre density (x-axis) residuals (after regressing against head motion) and the DCM parameter estimate (y-axis) residuals (after regressing against head motion). *p<0.05, …
| Global Tractography |
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| Local Tractography |
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| Global Tractography |
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| Local Tractography |
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Local Tractography
Appendix 1—table 13
Significance of DCM parameter estimates.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40766.023| Outliers removed | Parameter | M | SD | Df | T | P | 95% |
| * Left SC- PUL | 1.063 | 0.115 | 229 | 8.285 | <0.001 | [1.048, 1.078] | |
| * Right SC-PUL | 1.059 | 0.124 | 233 | 7.295 | <0.001 | [1.043, 1.075] | |
| * Left PUL-AMG | 1.834 | 1.000 | 233 | 12.753 | <0.001 | [1.705, 1.962] | |
| * Right PUL-AMG | 1.731 | 0.765 | 230 | 14.514 | <0.001 | [1.632, 1.83] | |
| * Left IOG-FG | 1.685 | 0.715 | 228 | 14.485 | <0.001 | [1.592, 1.778] | |
| * Right IOG-FG | 2.415 | 2.140 | 233 | 10.111 | <0.001 | [2.139, 2.69] | |
| * Left FG-AMG | 1.213 | 0.258 | 233 | 12.614 | <0.001 | [1.18, 1.246] | |
| * Right FG-AMG | 1.190 | 0.217 | 230 | 13.308 | <0.001 | [1.162, 1.218] | |
| Left FG- IOG | 0.988 | 0.211 | 230 | −0.842 | 0.401 | [0.961, 1.016] | |
| Right FG- IOG | 1.037 | 0.270 | 231 | 2.095 | 0.037 | [1.002, 1.072] | |
| * Left AMG-FG | 1.813 | 1.330 | 231 | 9.306 | <0.001 | [1.641, 1.985] | |
| * Right AMG-FG | 1.878 | 1.101 | 228 | 12.078 | <0.001 | [1.735, 2.022] | |
| No Outliers Removed | Parameter | M | SD | df | t | p | 95% CI |
| * Left SC- PUL | 1.066 | 0.157 | 236 | 6.481 | <0.001 | [1.046, 1.086] | |
| * Right SC-PUL | 1.068 | 0.190 | 236 | 5.510 | <0.001 | [1.044, 1.093] | |
| * Left PUL-AMG | 1.916 | 1.235 | 236 | 11.415 | <0.001 | [1.758, 2.074] | |
| * Right PUL-AMG | 1.821 | 0.944 | 236 | 13.382 | <0.001 | [1.7, 1.942] | |
| * Left IOG-FG | 1.864 | 1.214 | 236 | 10.957 | <0.001 | [1.709, 2.02] | |
| * Right IOG-FG | 2.772 | 4.249 | 236 | 6.422 | <0.001 | [2.229, 3.316] | |
| * Left FG- AMG | 1.251 | 0.446 | 236 | 8.661 | <0.001 | [1.194, 1.308] | |
| * Right FG-AMG | 1.218 | 0.278 | 236 | 12.081 | <0.001 | [1.182, 1.253] | |
| Left FG- IOG | 1.028 | 0.329 | 236 | 1.311 | 0.191 | [0.986, 1.07] | |
| Right FG- IOG | 1.069 | 0.348 | 236 | 3.071 | 0.002 | [1.025, 1.114] | |
| * Left AMG-FG | 2.057 | 2.166 | 236 | 7.517 | <0.001 | [1.78, 2.335] | |
| * Right AMG-FG | 2.092 | 1.596 | 236 | 10.536 | <0.001 | [1.888, 2.296] |
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*p <.001
Additional files
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Transparent reporting form
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.40766.009
