Preserved extrastriate visual network in a monkey with substantial, naturally occurring damage to primary visual cortex
- Oxford University, United Kingdom
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, United Kingdom
- KU Leuven, Belgium
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Netherlands
Figures
Figure 1 with 1 supplement
High resolution structural images of five adult female macaques of similar age and weight.
The large bilateral lesions of monkey S to the occipital cortex are clearly visible. LGN (white arrow) and pulvinar (posterior and dorsal to LGN) are shown in parasagittal section (with high …
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Visual map estimate of monkey S.
Based on established neurophysiological maps of V1 retinotopy in relation to the cortical folding pattern and approximate slice position (their Figure 11, Van Essen et al., 1984), we estimated the …
Figure 2
Post mortem high resolution scan of V1.
A post mortem T2*-weighted structural scan at high field (7T) revealed the stripe of Gennari in V1 (white arrows for example sites) of both monkey S and a control monkey (M131), although the …
Figure 3
Myelin-weighted T1w/T2w images obtained in vivo show the expected pattern of dense myelination.
Yellow represents the highest intensity signal in the images, corresponding to the dense white matter, while red is less dense white matter, corresponding either to myelin within the cortical …
Figure 4 with 2 supplements
BOLD Activation by high contrast stimuli.
LGN was significantly activated in all monkeys by flickering checkerboards (z > 2.3). Cortical activation is less consistent across the control monkeys and not really evident in monkey S. The …
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Anaesthesia, weight, and significant visual responses.
In anaesthetised monkeys, visual activation can vary for a number of reasons, including accommodation, drifting eye movements and level of anaesthesia (Hutchison et al., 2014). Average %isoflurane …
Figure 4—figure supplement 2
BOLD activation by high contrast stimuli for monkey S.
Parasagittal sections (1 mm spaced) through the brain of monkey S. Regions of significant activation (z > 2.3) for the checkerboard are shown in red-yellow. There was no activation evident in V1.
Figure 5 with 1 supplement
BOLD activation by visual motion.
Activation to the moving dot stimulus generated less activity in all monkeys than the flickering checkerboard. In particular, the LGN activation levels were lower in all monkeys. Monkey S showed LGN …
Figure 5—figure supplement 1
BOLD activation by visual motion for monkey S.
Parasagittal sections (1 mm spaced) through the brain of monkey S. Regions of significant activation (z > 2.3) for visual motion are shown in red-yellow. Again, there was little evidence of …
Figure 6 with 1 supplement
% BOLD change to visual stimulation.
Change in BOLD signal to checkerboard and moving dot stimuli. In response to the flickering checkerboard stimulus, we saw robust BOLD activation of the LGN in monkey S and the three control monkeys. …
Figure 6—figure supplement 1
The mean timeseries of the BOLD response for monkey S averaged across the 16 cycles of one scan.
The data points show the average of all voxels in the left LGN mask to the checkerboard stimulus and of all the voxels in the right pulvinar mask to the moving dots.
Figure 7
Response to visual motion in dorsal STS.
Illustration of BOLD activation (z > 2.3) in series of slices through V5/MT in both hemispheres of monkey S. While there was no extended area of activation to the moving dot stimulus, there were a …
Figure 8
Functional connectivity of V5/MT.
(A) Regions showing significant correlation with the time-series extracted from area V5/MT in the right hemisphere. The colourbar indicates the significance of the correlations (z-statistic) but …
Figure 9
White-matter tracts between LGN, pulvinar and V5/MT.
Diffusion-weighted imaging and probabilistic tractography were used to investigate tracts between extra striate visual motion area V5/MT (red) and the LGN (green) and V5/MT and the pulvinar (blue). …
Figure 10
Quantification of tractography results.
(A) Quantification of the percentage of streamlines from the seeds in subcortical areas LGN and pulvinar reaching cortical area V5/MT in the two hemispheres. While there was considerable variability …
Figure 11
Activation of anterior and middle face patch for face stimuli.
Images show the BOLD signal for blocks of neutral and threatening faces and compared to a mid-grey screen. Monkey S showed activation of the middle fundus (pink arrow) and anterior fundus (yellow …
Figure 12
Visual Stimuli for functional MRI.
(A) Contrast reversing checkerboard was used for eliciting basic visual activations (one of two images shown). (B) For eliciting motion-related visual responses, black and white random dots were …
Additional files
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Transparent reporting form
- https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.42325.020
