Motor cortex can directly drive the globus pallidus neurons in a projection neuron type- dependent manner in the rat
- Doshisha University, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan
Abstract
The basal ganglia are critical for the control of motor behaviors and for reinforcement learning. Here, we demonstrate in rats that primary and secondary motor areas (M1 and M2) make functional synaptic connections in the globus pallidus (GP), not usually thought of as an input site of the basal ganglia. Morphological observation revealed that the density of axonal boutons from motor cortices in the GP was 47% and 78% of that in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) from M1 and M2, respectively. Cortical excitation of GP neurons was comparable to that of STN neurons in slice preparations. FoxP2-expressing arkypallidal neurons were preferentially innervated by the motor cortex. The connection probability of cortico-pallidal innervation was higher for M2 than M1. These results suggest that cortico-pallidal innervation is an additional excitatory input to the basal ganglia, and that it can affect behaviors via the cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus motor loop.
Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the manuscript and supporting files. Source data files in a Microsoft Exel format are provided for Table 2, for Figures 2C, 2D, 2E, 4A2, 4B2, 4B3, 4B4, 4C, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5F, 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, and also for Figure 1-Figure supplement 2E, and Figure 2-Figure supplement 1D.
Article and author information
Author details
Funding
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S) 26350983)
- Fuyuki Karube
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S) 16H01622)
- Fuyuki Karube
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research 16H06543)
- Susumu Takahashi
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S) 16H02840)
- Susumu Takahashi
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S) 25282247)
- Fumino Fujiyama
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S) 15K12770)
- Fumino Fujiyama
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London (Scientific Researches on Innovative Areas 26112001)
- Fumino Fujiyama
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
Ethics
Animal experimentation: Animal experiments were approved and performed in accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals established by the Committee for Animal Care (Permit Number: A16008, A17001, A18001, A19036) and Use and the Committee for Recombinant DNA Study (Permit Number: D16008, D17001, D18001, D19036) of Doshisha University. All efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and the number of animals used.
Copyright
© 2019, Karube et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Motor cortex can directly drive the globus pallidus neurons in a projection neuron type- dependent manner in the rat
eLife 8:e49511.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.49511
