1. Neuroscience
Download icon

Mature oligodendrocytes bordering lesions limit demyelination and favor myelin repair via heparan sulphate production

  1. Magali Macchi
  2. Karine Magalon
  3. Céline Zimmer
  4. Elitsa Peeva
  5. Bilal El Waly
  6. Béatrice Brousse
  7. Sarah Jaekel
  8. Kay Grobe
  9. Friedemann Kiefer
  10. Anna Williams
  11. Myriam Cayre
  12. Pascale Durbec  Is a corresponding author
  1. Aix Marseille University CNRS, France
  2. University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  3. University of Muenster, Germany
  4. Max Planck Institute, Germany
Research Article
  • Cited 4
  • Views 1,796
  • Annotations
Cite this article as: eLife 2020;9:e51735 doi: 10.7554/eLife.51735

Abstract

Myelin destruction is followed by resident glia activation and mobilization of endogenous progenitors (OPC) which participate in myelin repair. Here we show that in response to demyelination, mature oligodendrocytes (OLG) bordering the lesion express Ndst1, a key enzyme for heparan sulfates (HS) synthesis. Ndst1+ OLG form a belt that demarcates lesioned from intact white matter. Mice with selective inactivation of Ndst1 in the OLG lineage display increased lesion size, sustained microglia and OPC reactivity. HS production around the lesion allows Sonic hedgehog (Shh) binding and favors the local enrichment of this morphogen involved in myelin regeneration. In MS patients, Ndst1 is also found overexpressed in oligodendroglia and the number of Ndst1-expressing oligodendroglia is inversely correlated with lesion size and positively correlated with remyelination potential. Our study suggests that mature OLG surrounding demyelinated lesions are not passive witnesses but contribute to protection and regeneration by producing HS.

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in the manuscript and supporting files.

Article and author information

Author details

  1. Magali Macchi

    IBDM UMR7288, Aix Marseille University CNRS, Marseille, France
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  2. Karine Magalon

    IBDM UMR7288, Aix Marseille University CNRS, Marseille, France
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  3. Céline Zimmer

    IBDM UMR7288, Aix Marseille University CNRS, Marseille, France
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  4. Elitsa Peeva

    Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  5. Bilal El Waly

    IBDM UMR7288, Aix Marseille University CNRS, Marseille, France
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0003-2991-3754

  6. Béatrice Brousse

    IBDM UMR7288, Aix Marseille University CNRS, Marseille, France
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  7. Sarah Jaekel

    Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  8. Kay Grobe

    Physiological Chemistry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-8385-5877

  9. Friedemann Kiefer

    Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Max Planck Institute, Münster, Germany
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  10. Anna Williams

    Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  11. Myriam Cayre

    IBDM UMR7288, Aix Marseille University CNRS, Marseille, France
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.

  12. Pascale Durbec

    IBDM UMR7288, Aix Marseille University CNRS, Marseille, France
    For correspondence
    pascale.durbec@univ-amu.fr
    Competing interests
    The authors declare that no competing interests exist.
    ORCID icon "This ORCID iD identifies the author of this article:" 0000-0002-9660-1809

Funding

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (financial support)

  • Pascale Durbec

Aix-Marseille Université (Graduate student Fellowship and financial support)

  • Pascale Durbec

Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (DEQ20140329501)

  • Pascale Durbec

Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France-bioimaging/PICSL infrastructure ANR-10-INSB-04-01)

  • Pascale Durbec

Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-15-CE16-0014-01)

  • Pascale Durbec

AM*DEX NeuroMarseille Institute (AMX-19-IET-004)

  • Pascale Durbec

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.

Ethics

Animal experimentation: All experimental and surgical protocols were performed following the guidelines established by the French Ministry of Agriculture (Animal Rights Division). The architecture and functioning rules of our animal house, as well as our experimental procedures have been approved by the 'Direction Départementale des Services Vétérinaires' and the ethic committee (ID numbers F1305521 and 2016071112151400 for animal house and research project,

Human subjects: Human postmortem unfixed frozen tissues were obtained from the UK Multiple Sclerosis Tissue Bank via a UK prospective donor scheme with full ethical approval (MREC/02/2/39).

Reviewing Editor

  1. Klaus-Armin Nave, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Germany

Publication history

  1. Received: September 17, 2019
  2. Accepted: June 9, 2020
  3. Accepted Manuscript published: June 9, 2020 (version 1)
  4. Version of Record published: June 22, 2020 (version 2)

Copyright

© 2020, Macchi et al.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

Metrics

  • 1,796
    Page views
  • 212
    Downloads
  • 4
    Citations

Article citation count generated by polling the highest count across the following sources: PubMed Central, Crossref, Scopus.

Download links

A two-part list of links to download the article, or parts of the article, in various formats.

Downloads (link to download the article as PDF)

Download citations (links to download the citations from this article in formats compatible with various reference manager tools)

Open citations (links to open the citations from this article in various online reference manager services)

Categories and tags

Research organism

Further reading

    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Spinal lumbar dI2 interneurons contribute to stability of bipedal stepping

    Baruch Haimson et al.
    Research Article Updated

    Peripheral and intraspinal feedback is required to shape and update the output of spinal networks that execute motor behavior. We report that lumbar dI2 spinal interneurons in chicks receive synaptic input from afferents and premotor neurons. These interneurons innervate contralateral premotor networks in the lumbar and brachial spinal cord, and their ascending projections innervate the cerebellum. These findings suggest that dI2 neurons function as interneurons in local lumbar circuits, are involved in lumbo-brachial coupling, and that part of them deliver peripheral and intraspinal feedback to the cerebellum. Silencing of dI2 neurons leads to destabilized stepping in posthatching day 8 hatchlings, with occasional collapses, variable step profiles, and a wide-base walking gait, suggesting that dI2 neurons may contribute to the stabilization of the bipedal gait.

    1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Glycolytic preconditioning in astrocytes mitigates trauma-induced neurodegeneration

    Rene Solano Fonseca et al.
    Research Article Updated

    Concussion is associated with a myriad of deleterious immediate and long-term consequences. Yet the molecular mechanisms and genetic targets promoting the selective vulnerability of different neural subtypes to dysfunction and degeneration remain unclear. Translating experimental models of blunt force trauma in C. elegans to concussion in mice, we identify a conserved neuroprotective mechanism in which reduction of mitochondrial electron flux through complex IV suppresses trauma-induced degeneration of the highly vulnerable dopaminergic neurons. Reducing cytochrome C oxidase function elevates mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species, which signal through the cytosolic hypoxia inducing transcription factor, Hif1a, to promote hyperphosphorylation and inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase, PDHE1α. This critical enzyme initiates the Warburg shunt, which drives energetic reallocation from mitochondrial respiration to astrocyte-mediated glycolysis in a neuroprotective manner. These studies demonstrate a conserved process in which glycolytic preconditioning suppresses Parkinson-like hypersensitivity of dopaminergic neurons to trauma-induced degeneration via redox signaling and the Warburg effect.

    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Precise optical control of gene expression in C elegans using improved genetic code expansion and Cre recombinase

    Lloyd Davis et al.
    Tools and Resources Updated

    Synthetic strategies for optically controlling gene expression may enable the precise spatiotemporal control of genes in any combination of cells that cannot be targeted with specific promoters. We develop an improved genetic code expansion system in Caenorhabditis elegans and use it to create a photoactivatable Cre recombinase. We laser-activate Cre in single neurons within a bilaterally symmetric pair to selectively switch on expression of a loxP-controlled optogenetic channel in the targeted neuron. We use the system to dissect, in freely moving animals, the individual contributions of the mechanosensory neurons PLML/PLMR to the C. elegans touch response circuit, revealing distinct and synergistic roles for these neurons. We thus demonstrate how genetic code expansion and optical targeting can be combined to break the symmetry of neuron pairs and dissect behavioural outputs of individual neurons that cannot be genetically targeted.