Role of IL-4 in bone marrow driven dysregulated angiogenesis and age-related macular degeneration

  1. Takashi Baba  Is a corresponding author
  2. Dai Miyazaki  Is a corresponding author
  3. Kodai Inata
  4. Ryu Uotani
  5. Hitomi Miyake
  6. Shin-ichi Sasaki
  7. Yumiko Shimizu
  8. Yoshitsugu Inoue
  9. Kazuomi Nakamura
  1. Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
  2. Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
5 figures, 3 tables and 2 additional files

Figures

Figure 1 with 2 supplements
Induction of Il4 and Ccl2 in laser-exposed retinas and choroids of mice.

(a) Induction kinetics of the mRNAs of IL-4, IL-4Rα, CCR2, and CD11b. The induction of Ccl2 peaked at 1 day after the exposure followed by the peak induction of Il4 and Il4ra. (n = 4–14 eyes/group). …

Figure 1—source data 1

Induction kinetics of the mRNAs of IL-4, IL-4Rα, CCR2, and CD11b.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-fig1-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Kinetics of IL-4-expressing cells by immunohistochemical analyses in retinal flat mount.

Iba1 (cyan), CCL2 (red) and CD11b (green) expressing cells accumulated in the laser treated area at 1 to 3 days. The CCL2 and CD11b expression peaked at 1 to 3 days and decreased gradually …

Figure 1—video 1
Localization of bone marrow-derived cells and microglial cells in the retinal tissue of GFP bone marrow chimeric mouse in 3D rendering at 3 days after laser irradiation.

Bone marrow-derived cells (green) are located in the subretinal layer around the laser irradiation lesion 3 days after laser irradiation. Bone marrow-derived cells (green) expressing CD11b (cyan) …

Figure 2 with 2 supplements
Requirements of IL-4/IL-4Rα in the inductive phase of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

(a) Effect of systemic administration of recombinant murine IL-4 (rIL-4) or recombinant IL-13 (rIL-13) in the inductive phase in a CNV model. (n = 7–19 eyes/group). (b) Inhibitory effect of systemic …

Figure 2—source data 1

Requirements of IL-4/IL-4Rα in the inductive phase of CNV.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-fig2-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Kinetics of IL-4, IL-4Rα, CCR2 and CD11b-expressing cells and GFP-positive bone marrow derived cells determined by immunohistochemical analyses.

The distribution of GFP transgenic bone marrow cells (green) shows dynamic changes after laser irradiation. GFP transgenic bone marrow cells remain around the choroidal scar at 1 day after the laser …

Figure 2—video 1
Localization of bone marrow-derived cells and endothelial cells in the retinal tissue of GFP bone marrow chimeric mouse in a 3D rendering 7 days after laser irradiation.

CCR2 (cyan) expressing bone marrow-derived cells (green) are incorporated into CD31 (red) expressing vascular endothelial morphology (arrows) and were spatially distinct from monocytes lineage …

Figure 3 with 2 supplements
Induction of Ccl2 and Flt1 in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and retinal vascular endothelial cells by IL-4.

(a) Induction of Ccl2 and Flt1 in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells by murine IL-4. IL-4 stimulated bone marrow-derived EPCs induced Ccl2 and Flt1 in a dose dependent manner. This …

Figure 3—source data 1

Induction of Ccl2 and Flt1 in bone marrow-derived EPC and retinal vascular endothelial cells by IL-4.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-fig3-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Profile of angiogenic mRNAs of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after IL-4 exposure.

IL-4 exposure did not affect the induction of angiogenesis-related mRNAs of EPCs including Vegf, Kdr, Flt4, Tek, Angpt1, Selp, Ednra, Cdh5, F2r, F2rl1 after 24 hr. (RT-PCR, n = 5–8/group).

Figure 3—figure supplement 1—source data 1

Profile of angiogenic mRNAs of bone marrow-derived EPCs after IL-4 exposure.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-fig3-figsupp1-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 3—figure supplement 2
The CCL2 and VEGFR-1 protein levels in bone marrow-derived EPCs after IL-4 exposure.

IL-4 exposure significantly stimulated CCL2 and VEGFR-1 protein secretion from EPC after 24 hr. (ELISA, n = 5/group). *p<0.05, **p<0.0005, ***p<0.0001. ANOVA with post hoc test.

Figure 3—figure supplement 2—source data 1

The CCL2 and VEGFR-1 protein levels in bone marrow-derived EPCs after IL-4 exposure.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-fig3-figsupp2-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 4 with 1 supplement
IL-4-induced tube formation in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and retinal vascular endothelial cells.

(a) IL-4-induced tube formation of retinal vascular endothelial cells. Human and murine IL-4 exposure (10 ng/ml) significantly stimulated tube formation of human and murine retinal microvascular …

Figure 4—source data 1

IL-4-induced tube formation inEPCs and retinal vascular endothelial cells.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-fig4-data1-v1.xlsx
Figure 4—figure supplement 1
IL-4Rα-mediated transcriptional networks of bone marrow-derived EPCs.

(a) IL-4Rα-mediated transcriptional networks associated with angiogenesis in bone marrow-derived EPCs after IL-4 treatment. Z score = 2.781, p=1.8 × 10−4. (b) IL-4Rα-mediated transcriptional …

Figure 4—figure supplement 1—source data 1

IL-4Rα-mediated transcriptional networks of bone marrow-derived EPCs.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-fig4-figsupp1-data1-v1.txt
Figure 5 with 1 supplement
Role of IL-4/IL-4Rα on bone marrow-mediated choroidal neovascularization in bone marrow chimeric mice.

(a) Requirement of IL-4 in bone marrow for choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Bone marrow chimeric mice were constructed on backgrounds of wild type, Il4-/-, or Il4ra-/- mice by transfer of wild …

Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Immunohistochemical analysis of CNV of the bone marrow chimeric mice on Il4ra-/- and wild type background 14 days after laser treatment.

Bone marrow-derived cells (green) and endothelial cells (red) were localized in the retinal tissue of wild type and Il4ra-/- bone marrow chimeric mice on Il4ra-/- background and wild type, Il4-/-

Tables

Table 1
Increase of IL-4 concentration in aqueous humor of eyes with age-related macular degeneration.
Cytokines
(pg/ml)
Control
(n = 104)
age-related macular degeneration
(n = 234)
P value
IL-40.3 ± 0.10.9 ± 0.1p=0.0000
IL-133.8 ± 0.75.2 ± 0.7NS
  1. Two-tailed t test; Mean ± standard error of the means (SEMs).

Table 2
Association of IL-4 concentration in aqueous humor with subtype of age-related macular degeneration.
Relative risk ratioRelative risk ratio
NIL-4
(quintile)
P valueIL-13
(quintile)
P value
Control104----
Typical AMD332.11 ± 0.330.0002.09 ± 0.390.000
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)781.70 ± 0.170.0001.39 ± 0.150.002
Retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP)112.46 ± 0.690.0011.48 ± 0.370.11
  1. Multinomial logistic regression analysis after age adjustment; Mean ± standard error of the means (SEMs).

Key resources table
Reagent type
(species) or
resource
DesignationSource or
reference
IdentifiersAdditional
information
Genetic reagent (M. musculus)C57BL/6J (wt)PMID:15729571RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664
Genetic reagent (M. musculus)C57BL/6-Tg(CAG-EGFP)PMID:9175875RRID:IMSR_JAX:003291
Genetic reagent (M. musculus)C57BL/6-Il4tm1Nnt/JPMID:8906833RRID:IMSR_JAX:002518
Genetic reagent (M. musculus)BALB/c-Il4ratm1Sz/JPMID:9380721RRID:IMSR_JAX:003514
Genetic reagent (M. musculus) Il13ra1tm1TwyPMID:18066066RRID:MGI:3772446Dr. Marc E Rothenberg, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
Cell line (M. musculus)C57BL/6 Mouse Primary Retinal Microvascular Endothelial CellsCell BiologicsC57-6065
Cell line (H. sapiens)Primary Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial CellsCell SystemsACBRI 181
Antibodyanti IL-4 (rat monoclonal)BiolegendCat. #: 504108, RRID:AB_315322IHC(1:200)
Antibodyanti IL-4 (rabbit polyclonal)abcamCat. #: ab9622, RRID:AB_308736IHC(1:200)
Antibodyanti Phospho-Tyr497 IL-4R/CD124 (rabbit polyclonal)Assay Biotechnology CompanyCat. #: A1064, RRID:AB_10683571IHC(1:200)
anti CD124 (rat monoclonal)BD PharmingenCat. #: 552288, RRID:AB_3943560.1–10 ng/ mL TVI
Antibodyanti IL-13 receptor alpha 1 (rabbit polyclonal)abcamCat. #: ab-79277, RRID:AB_1640587IHC(1:200)
anti IL13 antibody (rabbit polyclonal)GeneTex, IncCat. #: GTX59763,0.1–10 ng/ mL TVI
Antibodyanti CD11b (rat monoclonal)eBioscienceCat. #: 14-0112-82, RRID:AB_467108IHC(1:200)
Antibodyanti CD11b (rat monoclonal) Alexa Fluor 594BiolegendCat. #: 101254, RRID:AB_2563231IHC(1:100)
AntibodyCD11b (M1/70) (rat monoclonal) FITCeBioscienceCat. #: 11-0112-41, RRID:AB_11042156IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti CCR2 (rabbit polyclonal) DyLight 550Novus BiologicalsCat. #: NBP1-48338RIHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti MCP-1 (hamster monoclonal)BiolegendCat. #: 505906, RRID:AB_2071552IHC(1:200)
Antibodyanti Iba1 (rabbit polyclonal)FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical CorporationCat. # 019–19741, RRID:AB_839504IHC(1:200)
Antibodyanti CD31 (rabbit polyclomal)abcamCat. #: ab28364, RRID:AB_726362IHC(1:200)
Antibodyanti-mouse CD31(rat monoclonal) Alexa Fluor 647BiolegendCat. #: 102516, RRID:AB_2161029IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti rat IgG (goat polyclonal) Brilliant Violet 421BiolegendCat. #: 405414, RRID:AB_10900808IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti rabbit IgG (goat polyclonal) DyLight 488Vector LaboratoriesCat. #: DI-1488, RRID:AB_2336402IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti rabbit IgG (donkey polyclonal) Alexa Fluor 555BiolegendCat. #: 406412, RRID:AB_2563181IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti rabbit IgG (goat polyclonal) HiLyte Fluor 555AnaSpecCat. #: AS-61056–05 H555IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti hamster IgG (goat polyclonal) DyLight 594BiolegendCat. #: 405504, RRID:AB_1575119
Antibodyanti rabbit IgG (goat polyclonal) PESanta Cruz BiotechnologyCat. #: sc-3739, RRID:AB_649004IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti rabbit IgG (donkey polyclonal) Alexa Fluor 647abcamCat. #: ab150075, RRID:AB_2752244IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti rabbit IgG (donkey polyclonal) DyLight 649BiolegendCat. #: 406406, RRID:AB_1575135IHC(1:100)
Antibodyanti mouse IgG2A (rat monoclonal)R and DCat. #: mab006, RRID:AB_3573490.1–10 ng/ mL TVI
Antibodyanti mouse Fc gamma RII/RIII (CD32/CD16)(goat polyclonal)R and DCat. #: AF1460-SP, Accession # P08101IHC
(0.2 μg/mL)
Peptide, recombinant proteinrecombinant murine IL-4R and DCat. #: 404 ML
Peptide, recombinant proteinrecombinant human IL-4PeprotecCat. #: AF-200–04
Peptide, recombinant proteinrecombinant murine IL-13PeprotecCat. #: 210–13
Chemical compound, drugZM306416 hydrochlorideabcamCat. #: ab144576
Chemical compound, drugZM323881 hydrochlorideR and DCat. #: 2475/1
Chemical compound, drugbovine serum albuminSigma-AldrichCat. #: A2153
Chemical compound, drugfetal bovine serumSigma-AldrichCat. #: 12103C
Chemical compound, drugMedetomidineChemscene LLCCat. #: 86347-14-0
Chemical compound, drugButorphanol tartrateFUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical CorporationCat. #: 58786-99-5
Chemical compound, drugMidazolamFUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical CorporationCat. #: 59467-70-8
Chemical compound, drugTropicamide, Phenylephrine HydrochlorideSanten Pharmaceuitical Co., Ltd.Cat. #: 1319810Q1053
Chemical compound, drugHydroxy methyl celluloseSENJU Pharmaceutical Co.,LtdCat.#: 131980AQ1038
Chemical compound, drugRNAlater solutionAmbionCat. #: AM7021
Chemical compound, drugTriton X-100Sigma-AldrichCat. #: X100 100ml
Chemical compound, drugTween 20Sigma-AldrichCat. #: P1379-100ml
Chemical compound, drugParaformadehydeElectron Microscopy ScienceCat. #: 15710
Commercial assay or kitISOLECTIN B4 FluoresceinVector LaboratoriesCat. #: FL-1201, RRID:AB_2314663IHC(1:100)
Commercial assay or kitISOLECTIN B4 DyLight 594Vector LaboratoriesCat. #: FL-1207IHC(1:100)
Commercial assay or kitDAPIRoche DiagnosticsCat. #: 10 236 276 0011 μg/ml
Commercial assay or kitTO-PRO-3 iodideMolecular Probes, IncCat. #: T-3605IHC(1:100)
Commercial assay or kitVECTASHIELDAntifade Mounting MediumVector
Laboratories
Cat. #: H-1000, RRID:AB_2336789
Commercial assay or kitFluorescence Mounting MediumDAKOCat. #: 15710
Commercial assay or kitSurePrint G3 Mouse GE 8 × 60K MicroarrayAgilent TechnologiesCat. #: AGLMO002
Commercial assay or kitQuantiTect Reverse Transcription KitQiagenCat. #: 205311
Commercial assay or kitQuantiTect SYBR Green PCR kitQiagenCat. #: 204143
Commercial assay or kitELISA kitsThermoFisher ScientificCat. #: BMS6005, EMFLT1
Commercial assay or kitPKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane LabelingSigma-AldrichCat. #: PKH26GL-1KT
Commercial assay or kitRNeasy Mini KitQiagenCat. #: 74104
Commercial assay or kitDMEM:F12ThermoFisher ScientificCat. #: 11330057
Commercial assay or kitrecombinant human GMCSFPeprotecCat. #: AF-300–03
Commercial assay or kitrecombinant murine GMCSFPeprotecCat. #: 315–03
Software, algorithmIngenuity Pathway Analysis, March 2020QiagenRRID:SCR_008653
Software, algorithmAdobe Photoshop CS5, Version 12.0.5AdobeRRID:SCR_014199
Software, algorithmSTATA 16.1StataCorp LLCRRID:SCR_012763
Software, algorithmGeneSpring SoftwareAgilent TechnologiesRRID:SCR_009196

Additional files

Supplementary file 1

Sequences of primer pairs used in quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction.

https://cdn.elifesciences.org/articles/54257/elife-54257-supp1-v1.xls
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