G protein-regulated endocytic trafficking of adenylyl cyclase type 9

  1. André M Lazar
  2. Roshanak Irannejad
  3. Tanya A Baldwin
  4. Aparna B Sundaram
  5. J Silvio Gutkind
  6. Asuka Inoue
  7. Carmen W Dessauer
  8. Mark Von Zastrow  Is a corresponding author
  1. Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of California San Francisco, United States
  2. Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, United States
  3. Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, United States
  4. Lung Biology Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, United States
  5. Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, United States
  6. Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Japan
  7. Department of Psychiatry and Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, United States
6 figures, 4 videos, 1 table and 1 additional file

Figures

Figure 1 with 1 supplement
β2AR activation promotes redistribution of AC9 but not AC1.

(A) Representative confocal imaging of HEK293 cells coexpressing HA-β2AR and Flag-AC1 after treatment with 10 µM isoproterenol or control for 30 min. Scale Bar is 8 µm. (B) Representative confocal …

Figure 1—figure supplement 1
Functional validation of Flag-tagged AC9 and quantification of isoform-specific localization to endosomes.

(A) Quantification of the in vitro cAMP response by pcDNA3 control, untagged AC9, and Flag-tagged AC9 to 300 nM Gs (alpha subunit). (B) Quantification of the cAMP response to 10 µM isoproterenol in …

Figure 2 with 1 supplement
AC9 undergoes dynamin-dependent endocytosis and accumulates in endosomes marked by EEA1.

(A–B) Representative confocal images of HEK293 cells expressing Flag-AC1 (A) or Flag-AC9 (B) after treatment with 10 µM isoproterenol or control for 30 min and stained for endogenous EEA1. Scale bar …

Figure 2—figure supplement 1
Assessment of endosome fraction purity and wide field images of DYNGO-4a effect.

(A) Full western blot of the endosome fraction vs total cell lysate, probed for cellular markers Giantin (Golgi), Na/K pump (plasma membrane), calnexin (endoplasmic reticulum). Quantification of 3 …

Figure 3 with 1 supplement
Gs but not Gi -coupled GPCRs promote AC9 trafficking.

(A–C) Representative confocal imaging of HEK293 cells coexpressing Flag-AC9 and HA-V2R (A), HA-MOR (B), or HA-V2R-trunc (C), after treatment with 10 µM agonist (AVP or DAMGO) or control for 30 min. …

Figure 3—figure supplement 1
Validation that V2R and V2R-T activation stimulate AC9 trafficking.

(A) Representative confocal imaging of HEK293 cells expressing Flag-AC9, after treatment with 10 µM AVP or control for 30 min. Scale Bar is 8 µm. (B) Representative western blot of the surface …

Figure 4 with 3 supplements
Gs activation is sufficient to promote AC9 internalization.

(A) Representative confocal imaging of HEK293 cells cells coexpressing Flag-AC9, Gsβ, Gsγ and either HA-Gsα (HA-Gs) or HA-Gsα-CA (HA-GsCA). (B) Representative confocal imaging of HEK293 cells …

Figure 4—figure supplement 1
Confirmation that forskolin does not promote AC9 trafficking.

(A) Representative confocal imaging of HEK293 cells coexpressing HA-β2AR and Flag-AC9 were treated with 10 µM FSK or control for 30 min. Scale Bar is 5 µm. (B) Representative confocal imaging of …

Figure 4—figure supplement 2
Gs accumulation in endosomes and verification that mutational activation of Gs is sufficient to stimulate AC9 trafficking.

(A) Representative western blot of an EEA1 positive endosome fraction from HEK293 cells coexpressing Flag-AC9, Gsβ, Gsγ and HA-Gs (lane 1) or HA-GsCA (lane 2). (B) Quantification of endosome …

Figure 4—figure supplement 3
Effect of cholera toxin on AC9 trafficking.

(A) Representative confocal images of HEK293 cells coexpressing HA-β2AR and Flag-AC9 were treated with 100 nM cholera toxin overnight. Scale Bar is 8 µm. (B) Representative confocal images of HEK293 …

Figure 5 with 1 supplement
Regulation of AC9 internalization requires Gs but not beta-arrestin.

(A–B) Representative confocal imaging of Gs-knockout (GsKO) HEK293 cells coexpressing Flag-β2AR, AC9-EGFP, and either pcDNA3 (A) or wild-type HA-Gs rescue (B). (C–D) Representative confocal imaging …

Figure 5—figure supplement 1
Wide field images supporting distinct trafficking effects of Gs KO and Arr DKO.

(A) Representative wide-field images of Gs-knockout HEK293 cells coexpressing HA-β2AR and Flag-AC9 were treated with 10 µM isoproterenol for 30 min. Scale Bar is 16 µm. (B) Representative wide-field …

Figure 6 with 1 supplement
AC9 selectively contributes to the β2AR-mediated cAMP response from endosomes.

(A) Recruitment of conformational biosensors to β2AR-containing endosomes is reversed by application of the membrane permeable antagonist alprenolol for 20 min. Scale Bar is 8 µm. See Video 2 for …

Figure 6—figure supplement 1
Verification that AC9 selectively contributes to cAMP production stimulated by endogenous receptor activation in endosomes.

(A) Percent knockdown of AC9 and AC1 in HEK293 cells as determined by qPCR. [mean ± SEM; n = 3 experiments] (B) Effect of siRNA knockdown of AC9 and AC1 expression in HEK293 cells on the cAMP …

Videos

Video 1
This movie shows a confocal image series of AC9-EGFP overexpressed in a HEK293 cell.

Cell was treated with 10 µM isoproterenol added at t = 0 in the time stamp. AC9 recruitment to internal puncta is observed over the course of 30 min.

Video 2
This movie shows a confocal image series of β2AR (red) and Nb80-EGFP (green) from a HEK293 cell pre-incubated for 20 min with 100 nM isoproterenol.

10 µM alprenolol, added at t = 0 time point indicated in the time stamp, reverses Nb80-EGFP recruitment to β2ARs at both the plasma membrane and endosomes.

Video 3
This movie shows a confocal image series of β2AR (red) and Nb80-EGFP (green) from a HEK293 cell pre-incubated for 20 min with 100 nM isoproterenol.

10 µM CGP12177, added at t = 0 indicated in the time stamp, reverses Nb80-EGFP recruitment to β2ARs at the plasma membrane but not at endosomes.

Video 4
This movie shows an image series of the luminescence-based cAMP biosensor from HEK293 cells that have been treated with control siRNA (columns 1 and 2) or AC9 siRNA (columns 3 and 4).

Cells were preincubated with 100 nM isoproterenol for 20 min prior to imaging, and 10 µM CGP12177 or 10 µM alprenolol were added immediately before imaging, where indicated.

Tables

Key resources table
Reagent type
(species) or resource
DesignationSource or referenceIdentifiersAdditional information
Cell line (Homo sapiens)HEK293ATCCCRL-1573; RRID:CVCL_0045Human embryonic kidney (female)
Cell line (Homo sapiens)GNAS-knockoutStallaert et al., 2017HEK293 parental
Cell line (Homo sapiens)Arrestin 2 and 3 double knockoutO'Hayre et al., 2017HEK293 parental
Cell line (Homo sapiens)ADCY 3 and 6 double knockoutSoto-Velasquez et al., 2018HEK293 parental
Biological sample (Homo sapiens)Human smooth airway muscle cells (HSAMs)Prepared from lung biopsy (Tsvetanova et al., 2017)Primary cell culture
AntibodyMouse anti-FLAG (M1)Sigma-AldrichF-3040; RRID:AB_439712(1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit anti-FlagSigma-AldrichF7425; RRID:AB_439687(1:1000)
AntibodyMouse anti-HABiolegend16B12; RRID:AB_2820200(1:1000)
AntibodyGoat anti-AC9Santa Cruz Biotechsc-8576; RRID:AB_2223286(1:50)
AntibodyMouse anti-EEA1Fisher Scientific610457; RRID:AB_397830(1:1000)
AntibodyMouse anti-Golgin-97ThermoA-21270; RRID:AB_221447(1:1000)
AntibodyRabbit anti-calnexinCell Signaling2679P; RRID:AB_2228381(1:1000)
AntibodyMouse anti-Sodium/Potassium ATPaseNovus BiologicalsNB300-540SS; RRID:AB_306023(1:1000)
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)Flag-AC9 (plasmid)Paterson et al., 2000pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)Flag-AC1Chen et al., 1997pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)Flag-AC9-D442AThis studypcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)AC9-EGFPThis studyEGFP-C1 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)HA-B2ARvon Zastrow and Kobilka, 1992pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)HA-V2RRochdi et al., 2010pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (mouse)HA-MORWhistler and von Zastrow, 1998pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)HA-V2R-TRochdi et al., 2010pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagentNb80-EGFPIrannejad et al., 2013EGFP-C1 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)HA-G(alpha)sIrannejad et al., 2013pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)G(beta-1)Irannejad et al., 2013pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)G(gamma-2)Irannejad et al., 2013pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagent (human)HA-G(alpha)s-Q227LMasters et al., 1989pcDNA3 backbone
Recombinant DNA reagentpGloSensor-20FPromegaE1171
Transfected construct (human)AC9-siRNAThis studySee Materials and methods for sequence
Transfected construct (human)AC1 siRNAThis studySee Materials and methods for sequence
Chemical compound, drugIsoprenaline (iso)Sigma-Aldrich51-30-9
Chemical compound, drugArginine-vasopressin (AVP)Sigma-Aldrich113-79-1
Chemical compound, drugDAMGO, [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-Enkephalin acetate saltSigma-AldrichE7384
Chemical compound, drugDYNGO-4aAbcam Biochemicalsab120689
Chemical compound, drugAlprenololSigma3707-88-5
Chemical compound, drugCGP12177Tocris1134
Chemical compound, drugForskolinSigma-Aldrich66575-29-9
Chemical compound, drug3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)Sigma-Aldrich28822-58-4
Chemical compoundD-Luciferin, sodium saltGold BiosciencesLUCNA-1G
Chemical compoundAnti-mouse IgG Magnetic microbeadsMiltenyi130-047-101
Chemical compoundEZ-link Sulfo-NHS-biotinPierce21425
Commercial assay or kitAlexa Fluor 647 Protein Labeling KitThermo Fisher ScientificA20173
Commercial assay or kitAlexa Fluor 488 Protein Labeling KitThermo Fisher ScientificA20181
Commercial assay or kitDirect cAMP ELISAEnzo Life SciencesADI-900–066
Software, algorithmPrismGraphPad8.1.1
Software, algorithmImageJImagej.net2.0.0-rc-69/1.52 p
Software, algorithmMATLABMathWorksR2014b

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